Positive psychological well-being and clinical characteristics in IBS: A systematic review

Objective: Psychological factors (e.g., depression, anxiety) are known to contribute to the development and maintenance of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Less is known, however, about the role of positive psychological well-being (PPWB) in IBS. Accordingly, we completed a systematic review of the literature examining relationships between PPWB and clinical characteristics in IBS. Method: A systematic review using search terms related to PPWB and IBS from inception through July 28, 2022, was completed. Quality was assessed with the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. A narrative synthesis of findings, rather than meta-analysis, was completed due to study heterogeneity.Results: 22 articles with a total of 4285 participants with IBS met inclusion criteria. Individuals with IBS had lower levels of PPWB (e.g., resilience, positive affect, self-efficacy, emotion regulation) compared to healthy populations, which in turn was associated with reduced physical and mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Limited exploration of potential biological mechanisms underlying these relationships has been described. Conclusions: PPWB is diminished in individuals with IBS compared to other populations, and greater PPWB is linked to superior physical, psychological, and HRQoL outcomes. Interventions to increase PPWB may have the potential to improve IBS-related outcomes. Registration: Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42022304767.

Automated summary

This article systematically reviewed the relationship between positive psychological well-being (PPWB) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The findings indicate that individuals with IBS have lower levels of PPWB compared to healthy populations, and greater PPWB is associated with better physical, psychological, and health-related quality of life outcomes. Therefore, interventions targeting PPWB may have the potential to improve IBS-related outcomes.