Hydrogen-rich syngas production from the lignocellulosic biomass by catalytic gasification: A state of art review on advance technologies, economic challenges, and future prospectus

Global population growth, modernization, and industrialization have all significantly increased energy con-sumption, which has worsened the climate and led to greenhouse gas emissions, forcing researchers to look into eco-friendly, renewable, and sustainable energy sources. Hydrogen (H2) is emerging as one of the cleanest and most carbon-free future energy carriers generated from diverse domestic resources, organic wastes, lignocellu-losic biomass, natural gas, and fossil fuels by biochemical and thermochemical routes. Applying thermochemical routes, lignocellulosic biomass for sustainable H2 production have shown great potential for industrial imple-mentation. As a result, the current study emphasizes the state-of-the-art review of developments in gasification technologies, operating circumstances, and catalysts employed for producing H2-rich syngas. Emerging catalytic technologies to improve H2-rich syngas production were discussed in detail. New technologies including, solar gasification, microwave gasification, plasma gasification, and integrated pyrolysis-gasification were also high-lighted. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the process are also pointed out in brief to assist future re-searchers and stakeholders working for its commercialization.

Automated summary

The increasing global population growth, modernization, and industrialization have led to a significant rise in energy consumption, resulting in worsened climate conditions and greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, researchers are exploring eco-friendly and sustainable energy sources, with hydrogen (H2) emerging as a clean and carbon-free future energy carrier. Thermochemical routes and the use of lignocellulosic biomass have shown great potential for sustainable H2 production. This study provides an overview of advancements in gasification technologies, operating conditions, catalysts, and emerging technologies for improving H2-rich syngas production.