Oral contraceptives and cognition: A systematic review

Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used. While the physical impacts of OCs have been well researched, there is increasing interest on potential impacts of OCs on brain, behaviour and cognition. We systematically reviewed the literature to determine the influence of OCs on cognition, including neurocognition, social cognition and emotional processing. Inclusionary criteria were: (a) premenopausal females taking OCs; (b) a control group of naturally cycling women or OCs users in their inactive (i.e. 'sugar pill') phase; and (c) at least one measure of performance on a neurocognitive or social cognitive task. The systematic review found that OC use was asso-ciated with some differences in performance on all cognitive domains examined (with the exception of basic auditory attention and psychomotor performance). Several factors were identified that are likely to modulate the way OCs influence cognition, including task related factors, OC type and control group characteristics. Directions for future research are highlighted.

Automated summary

Oral contraceptives are widely used, and there is increasing interest in their potential impacts on brain, behavior, and cognition. This systematic review examines the influence of oral contraceptives on cognition, including neurocognition, social cognition, and emotional processing. The review finds that oral contraceptive use is associated with differences in performance on various cognitive domains, and identifies factors that may modulate these effects, such as task-related factors and the characteristics of the control group. Future research directions are highlighted.