A Review on Seaweeds and Seaweed-Derived Polysaccharides: Nutrition, Chemistry, Bioactivities, and Applications

In recent studies, marine macroalgae (seaweeds) have been highlighted as excellent sources of acquiring many bioactive polymers and metabolites with vast chemical and biological values, which has attracted increasing research interests in seaweeds. Among a diversity of seaweed-derived bioactive constituents, polysaccharides have been affirmed to possess an extensive array of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory activities. Due to the exhibition of these bioactivities, seaweed polysaccharides have been promised great application potential in food, feed, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries. As discovered, these bioactivities were mainly contributed by the complex polymeric structural features and chemical compositions of seaweed-derived polysaccharides and were highly associated with the extraction methods. This study has comprehensively reviewed the current and prospective applications of seaweeds and their polysaccharides from nutritional and bioactive perspectives, with further shedding light on the insight into the structure-bioactivity relationship of seaweed-derived polysaccharides.

Automated summary

Recent studies have shown that marine macroalgae (seaweeds) are excellent sources of bioactive polymers and metabolites with various chemical and biological values. Polysaccharides derived from seaweeds possess a wide range of bioactivities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, immune-enhancing, and anti-inflammatory activities. These bioactivities are mainly attributed to the complex polymeric structural features and chemical compositions of seaweed polysaccharides, which are highly influenced by the extraction methods. This study comprehensively reviews the current and prospective applications of seaweeds and their polysaccharides, as well as the structure-bioactivity relationship of seaweed-derived polysaccharides.