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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology has been revitalized and advanced with the introduction of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), yet the valuable properties of MOFs for SERS substrates have not been fully explored. In this work, a new SERS substrate, Fe3O4@ UiO-66(Zr)@Ag nanoparticles (FUAs), was developed and applied for trace detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in food. The FUAs exhibited excellent SERS detection sensitivity, uniformity, reproducibility, and stability, with a high Raman enhancement factor (5.62 x 106), low limit of detection (LOD, 2.11 x 10-11 M) and RSD (12.41%) for 4-NBT, and maintained 81% SERS activity within 60 days. The FUAs utilized the strong affinity of UiO-66(Zr) for OP compounds to achieve trace detection of phoxim, triazophos, and methyl parathion in apple juice. The LODs of these OP compounds were 0.041, 0.021, and 0.0031 mg/L, respectively, with good linearities ranging from 0.02 or 0.1-50 mg/L, meeting the requirements of the food control standards. These results demonstrate the potential and prospects of the FUAs SERS substrate for trace detection of OP compounds in food.

Automated summary

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology has been revitalized and advanced by utilizing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as substrates. In this study, Fe3O4@UiO-66(Zr)@Ag nanoparticles (FUAs) were developed as a new SERS substrate for trace detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in food. The FUAs exhibited excellent SERS detection sensitivity, uniformity, reproducibility, and stability, with a high Raman enhancement factor and low limit of detection for 4-NBT. The FUAs also achieved trace detection of OP compounds in apple juice, meeting the requirements of food control standards.