Isolation and characterization of vB_SenS_Ib_psk2 bacteriophage against drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky

Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky is one of the food-borne zoonotic pathogens which is isolated in high frequency from poultry meat in the recent decades and is known for its multidrug resistance. The current study was aimed to isolate and characterize a bacteriophage against S. enterica serovar Kentucky isolate, 5925, which showed resistance to at least seven antibiotics and to study its efficiency to decontaminate S. Kentucky from chicken skin. The bacteriophage against S. enterica serovar Kentucky was isolated and was named vB_SenS_Ib_psk2 representing the place, source, and host. Electron microscopy revealed that the phage possesses isometric head and contractile tail, indicative of Siphoviridae family. Molecular detection of major capsid protein E gene yielded 511 bp, and NCBI blast analysis revealed that the phage belonged to the genus chivirus. The optimum temperature and pH for phage survival and multiplication were found to be - 20 to 42 degrees C and 6-10, respectively. One-step growth curve experiment of vB_SenS_Ib_psk2 revealed a latent period of 20 min and burst size of 253 phages/bacterial cell. The host susceptibility studies revealed that 83% of MDR isolates of S. enterica were susceptible to vB_SenS_Ib_psk2. Artificial spiking studies on chicken skin revealed that high multiplicity of infection (MOI) of phages of 10(6) pfu/mL is required for significant reduction (p <= 0.01) of bacterial concentration (0.14 +/- 0.04) after 24-h incubation at 8 degrees C compared to group 1 (2.55 +/- 0.89 cfu/mL).

Automated summary

This study aimed to isolate and characterize a bacteriophage against Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky and evaluate its effectiveness in decontaminating chicken skin. The bacteriophage belonged to the genus chivirus and exhibited high susceptibility against multidrug-resistant S. enterica isolates. The results revealed that high multiplicity of infection is required for significant reduction of bacterial concentration.