Genetic and epigenetic studies of opioid abuse disorder - the potential for future diagnostics

IntroductionOpioid use disorder (OUD) is a global problem that often begins with prescribed medications. The available treatment and maintenance plans offer solutions for the consumption rate by individuals leaving the outstanding problem of relapse, which is a major factor hindering the long-term efficacy of treatments.Areas coveredUnderstanding the neurobiology of addiction and relapse would help identifying the core causes of relapse and distinguish vulnerable from resilient individuals, which would lead to more targeted and effective treatment and provide diagnostics to screen individuals who have a propensity to OUD. In this review, we cover the neurobiology of the reward system highlighting the role of multiple brain regions and opioid receptors in the development of the disorder. We also review the current knowledge of the epigenetics of addiction and the available screening tools for aberrant use of opioids.Expert opinionRelapse remains an anticipated limitation in the way of recovery even after long period of abstinence. This highlights the need for diagnostic tools that identify vulnerable patients and prevent the cycle of addiction. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the available screening tools and propose possible solutions for the discovery of addiction diagnostics.

Automated summary

Opioid use disorder is a global problem with the challenge of relapse hindering long-term efficacy of treatments. Understanding the neurobiology of addiction and relapse can lead to more targeted and effective treatment, as well as diagnostic tools for identifying vulnerable individuals. The limitations of current screening tools for opioid use disorder are also discussed.