The clinical landscape of therapeutic cancer vaccines: the next breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy?

Review Oncology

Therapeutic vaccines for breast cancer: Has the time finally come?

Chiara Corti et al.

Summary: The use of the immune system as a weapon against cancer, particularly through immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the effectiveness of ICIs in treating breast cancer (BC) is limited, except for certain subsets of triple-negative BCs. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which is immune-suppressive in BC, plays a crucial role in the poor response to immunotherapy. Cancer vaccines (CVs), as active immunotherapy, have regained attention due to technological advancements and the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on neoantigens as preferred targets. Lipid nanoparticles have also shown promise as effective delivery vehicles for CVs. Past clinical trials mainly focused on metastatic disease, where the TME is more likely compromised by inhibitory mechanisms. Promising strategies include using CVs as monotherapy in premalignant or adjuvant settings, and combining CVs with ICIs in late-stage disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of breast cancer vaccines.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2022)

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Review Oncology

Cancer vaccines: the next immunotherapy frontier

Matthew J. Lin et al.

Summary: The article discusses the current status and potential of cancer vaccines, emphasizing the need for accurate immune monitoring of early trials to advance the most promising vaccines. It also classifies cancer vaccines based on the included antigens and their colocalization with antigen-presenting cells, highlighting the challenges and opportunities in advancing these vaccines to the clinic.

NATURE CANCER (2022)

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Review Oncology

Combination strategies to maximize the benefits of cancer immunotherapy

Shaoming Zhu et al.

Summary: This review discusses the relationship between cancer immune response and resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy, as well as provides a comprehensive overview of the latest clinical status and FDA-approved combination therapies. It also covers therapies targeting cytokines, immunotherapy, virotherapy, innate immune modifiers, and cancer vaccines, as well as insights from the 2020 China Immuno-Oncology Workshop.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Review Oncology

Therapeutic cancer vaccines

Mansi Saxena et al.

Summary: Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to induce tumor regression, eradicate minimal residual disease, establish lasting anti-tumor memory, and avoid non-specific or adverse reactions. However, challenges arise due to tumor-induced immunosuppression and immunoresistance, hindering the achievement of these goals.

NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2021)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences