Recyling manganese-rich electrolytic residues: a review

Huge amounts of manganese-rich solid residues are yearly produced worldwide by industrial electrolysis, calling for advanced methods of recycling in the context of the circular economy. Here, we review manganese recycling with focus on ore reserves, electrolytic production, residue stockpiling and environmental impact, reducing the amount of residue and improving metal separation, and recycling the residues. Diposal techniques include dry disposal, wet disposal and fire roasting disposal. Residues can be recycled in buildings, functional materials and fertilizers.

Automated summary

Huge amounts of manganese-rich solid residues are produced yearly through industrial electrolysis, requiring advanced recycling methods in the circular economy. This review focuses on manganese recycling, including ore reserves, electrolytic production, residue stockpiling and environmental impact, aiming to reduce residue amount, improve metal separation, and recycle the residues. Disposal techniques include dry, wet, and fire roasting disposal. Residues can be recycled in buildings, functional materials, and fertilizers.