Study of heat transfer and the nanofluid flow inside a rectangular enclosure with five rectangular baffles in the middle affected by a magnetic field

This article simulates free and forced convection (FCN) in a two-dimensional rectangular enclosure. In the center of the cage are five rectangular heat sources with high temperatures. The two side walls are insulated, and the top (moving) and bottom walls are maintained at a low temperature. In the presence of a magnetic field (MFD) along the length of the enclosure, which is saturated with copper/water nanofluid, the enclosure is affected. The study examines the impact of the Richardson number (Ri) ranging from 0.1 to 100 and Hartmann number (Ha) changing from 0 to 40 on average Nusselt number (NUA). Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and FORTRAN software are employed for numerical simulations. The results of this study demonstrate that an increment in the Ha enhances the Nusselt number (Nu) at the Ri of 0.1. At other Ri, enhancing the Ha reduces the NUA. The maximum NUA is 6.89 for the Ha of 40 and the Ri of 0.1. The enhancement in the Ri and the reduction of FCN strength reduce the NUA. The horizontal enclosure has the maximum Nu, which is equal to 3.10, and the vertical enclosure has the minimum NUA.

Automated summary

This article simulates the free and forced convection in a two-dimensional rectangular enclosure. The study investigates the impact of parameters such as Richardson number (Ri) and Hartmann number (Ha) on the average Nusselt number (NUA). Numerical simulations using the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and FORTRAN software are conducted. The results show that the increase in Ha enhances Nu at Ri=0.1, while for other Ri values, increasing Ha reduces NUA. The maximum NUA is achieved at Ha=40 and Ri=0.1, reaching 6.89. The orientation of the enclosure also affects NUA, with horizontal enclosure having the highest Nu (3.10) and vertical enclosure having the lowest NUA.