New approach for electric vehicles charging management in parking lots considering fairness rules

Electric Vehicles are replacing conventional vehicles and imposing new challenges in the power systems man-agement comprising all voltage levels. The methodologies proposed in the literature have as their main goal the minimization of operation costs neglecting fairness rules. Additionally, most of the methods were developed considering information regarding travel needs, which is far from reality. In the present paper, it is proposed an energy management system to be used in parking lots considering the optimization of a fairness index, low installed capacity, and low level of information exchanged between the Electric Vehicle (EV) and the parking energy management system as well as the use of charging stations with multiple outlets (charge more than one EV in the same charging station). The proposed approach is modelled as a mixed-integer linear programming problem with the main goal to improve fairness in the charging process considering different types of contracts (normal use, privileged contract and long-duration parking contracts). A case study is presented which considers 100 electric vehicles in a residential parking lot. Several options for charging stations are compared, and the proposed fairness methodology is compared with the First-In First-Served approach. The obtained results show the adequacy and fairness of the proposed methods. The fairness index increased from 0.289 to 0.748 on a scale of 0 to 1, where 1 is the perfect solution when all the EVs have 100% of State-of-Charge (SOC) at departure time. The proposed methodology can be adopted in real parking lots with different characteristics.

Automated summary

In this paper, an energy management system is proposed for parking lots, considering the optimization of a fairness index, low installed capacity, and low level of information exchanged between the electric vehicle and the parking energy management system. The proposed approach improves fairness in the charging process by modeling it as a mixed-integer linear programming problem and considering different types of contracts. The results show the suitability and fairness of the proposed methodology.