Dose-dependent inhibitory effects of glyphosate on invasive Pomacea canaliculata reproductive and developmental growth under oxidative deposition

Glyphosate (GLY) is the most widely used herbicide worldwide, and its effects on animals and plants have attracted increasing attention. In this study, we explored the following: (1) the effects of multigenerational chronic exposure to GLY and H2O2, alone or in combination, on the egg hatching rate and individual morphology of Pomacea canaliculata; and (2) the effects of short-term chronic exposure to GLY and H2O2, alone or in com-bination, on the reproductive system of P. canaliculata. The results showed that H2O2 and GLY exposure had distinct inhibitory effects on the hatching rate and individual growth indices with a substantial dose effect, and the F1 generation had the lowest resistance. In addition, with the prolongation of exposure time, the ovarian tissue was damaged, and the fecundity decreased; however, the snails could still lay eggs. In conclusion, these results suggest that P. canaliculata can tolerate low concentrations of pollution and in addition to drug dosage, the control should focus on two time points, the juvenile and early stage of spawning.

Automated summary

This study investigated the effects of glyphosate (GLY) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on Pomacea canaliculata through multigenerational and short-term chronic exposure. The results showed that H2O2 and GLY exposure negatively impacted the hatching rate and individual growth indices, with the F1 generation being the most susceptible. Furthermore, prolonged exposure resulted in damage to the ovarian tissue and reduced fecundity. Overall, P. canaliculata can tolerate low concentrations of pollution, and control measures should focus on the juvenile and early spawning stages.