Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Based Composite Metrics: A Review and Assessment of Performance in Recent-Onset and Long-Duration Type 1 Diabetes

This study examined correlations between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-based composite metrics and standard glucose metrics within CGM data sets from individuals with recent-onset and long-duration type 1 diabetes. First, a literature review and critique of published CGM-based composite metrics was undertaken. Second, composite metric results were calculated for the two CGM data sets and correlations with six standard glucose metrics were examined. Fourteen composite metrics met selection criteria; these metrics focused on overall glycemia (n = 8), glycemic variability (n = 4), and hypoglycemia (n = 2), respectively. Results for the two diabetes cohorts were similar. All eight metrics focusing on overall glycemia strongly correlated with glucose time in range; none strongly correlated with time below range. The eight overall glycemia-focused and two hypoglycemia-focused composite metrics were all sensitive to automated insulin delivery therapeutic intervention. Until a composite metric can adequately capture both achieved target glycemia and hypoglycemia burden, the current two-dimensional CGM assessment approach may offer greatest clinical utility.

Automated summary

This study investigated the correlations between CGM-based composite metrics and standard glucose metrics in individuals with recent-onset and long-duration type 1 diabetes. Fourteen composite metrics focusing on overall glycemia, glycemic variability, and hypoglycemia were identified. The overall glycemia-focused metrics strongly correlated with glucose time in range, while the hypoglycemia-focused metrics were sensitive to automated insulin delivery therapy.