HDL - Quo vadis

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

High-density lipoprotein revisited: biological functions and clinical relevance

Arnold von Eckardstein et al.

Summary: Previous interest in HDL focused on its role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but recent studies show that HDL has broader physiological functions and is associated with various diseases.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2023)

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Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

The benefits of measuring the size and number of lipoprotein particles for cardiovascular risk prediction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jose A. Quesada et al.

Summary: This systematic review evaluated the relationship between LDL and HDL particle size and number determined by NMR spectroscopy and cardiovascular risk (CVR). The results showed that the number of LDL particles was positively associated with CVR, while LDL particle size was inversely associated. An increase in the number of small LDL particles was associated with an increased CVR, while HDL particle number and size were inversely associated with CVR.

CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS (2023)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

HDL cholesterol concentrations and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease - Insights from randomized clinical trials and human genetics

Emilie Westerlin Kjeldsen et al.

Summary: Over the past seven decades, studies have observed an inverse association between HDL cholesterol concentrations and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. However, recent evidence from human genetics and randomized clinical trials suggest that targeting HDL cholesterol concentrations may not be a viable approach for preventing ASCVD.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS (2022)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

HDL, heart disease, and the lung

Kathrin Frey et al.

JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The effect of CETP inhibitors on new-onset diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Katerina Dangas et al.

Summary: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors (CETPis) have been found to significantly reduce the risk of new-onset diabetes and improve glycaemic measures.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Triglyceride Lowering with Pemafibrate to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk

Aruna Das Pradhan et al.

Summary: In patients with type 2 diabetes and high triglyceride levels, pemafibrate can reduce triglyceride, VLDL cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, and apolipoprotein C-III levels, but does not lower the incidence of cardiovascular events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

How should low-density lipoprotein cholesterol be calculated in 2022?

Janine Martins et al.

Summary: This review analyzes the best method to calculate LDL-C in clinical practice by comparing equations with measured LDL-C.

CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lipid lowering effects of the CETP inhibitor obicetrapib in combination with high-intensity statins: a randomized phase 2 trial

Stephen J. Nicholls et al.

Summary: In a randomized clinical trial, obicetrapib, a CETP inhibitor, was found to effectively lower LDL-C levels when used in conjunction with high-intensity statins. The treatment also improved other lipid measurements and showed a favorable safety profile. These results indicate the potential of obicetrapib in addressing the medical needs of high-cardiovascular-risk patients.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Can we revive CETP-inhibitors for the prevention of cardiovascular disease?

Stephen J. Nicholls et al.

Summary: This review summarizes recent developments in clinical trials and genomic analyses of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition, which have the potential to impact future clinical programs.

CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Rationale and design of ApoA-I Event Reducing in Ischemic Syndromes II (AEGIS-II): A phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to investigate the efficacy and safety of CSL112 in subjects after acute myocardial infarction

C. Michael Gibson et al.

Summary: AEGIS-II is a Phase 3 trial investigating the efficacy and safety of CSL112 compared to placebo among high-risk acute MI participants, aiming to determine whether enhancing cholesterol efflux can reduce the rate of recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events. This study will be the first to formally test this hypothesis.

AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Hematology

Novel Insights From Human Studies on the Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Mortality and Noncardiovascular Disease

Christian M. Madsen et al.

Summary: Recent studies have suggested that extremely high levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with increased mortality, indicating that HDL may have harmful effects in some instances. Furthermore, observational and genetic studies have shown that HDL might be linked to the development of major noncardiovascular diseases.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Inhibition of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Preserves High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Improves Survival in Sepsis

Mark Trinder et al.

Summary: Clinical genetics and humanized mouse models suggest that inhibiting CETP may preserve high-density lipoprotein levels and improve outcomes for individuals with sepsis.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

The Interplay of ABC Transporters in Aβ Translocation and Cholesterol Metabolism: Implicating Their Roles in Alzheimer's Disease

Tapan Behl et al.

Summary: The review highlights the importance of ABC transporters in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, as they play a crucial role in regulating cholesterol metabolism and Aβ peptide load, while also exerting protective effects against neurotoxic substrates and xenobiotics. Research targeting these proteins may provide a new approach and target for treating AD.

MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

High-Density Lipoproteins and the Kidney

Arianna Strazzella et al.

Summary: Dyslipidemia, characterized by reduced HDL-cholesterol levels, is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Alterations in HDL composition and structure are associated with loss of atheroprotective functions like promoting cholesterol efflux from cells. Genetic defects in HDL, such as mutations in apoA-I, apoE, apoL, and LCAT, can lead to kidney disease.

CELLS (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

HDL in the 21st Century A Multifunctional Roadmap for Future HDL Research

Anand Rohatgi et al.

Summary: Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with adverse lifestyle choices, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, and other conditions. Therapeutic strategies targeting HDL-C levels have not been successful, and future focus should be on optimizing HDL function for better outcomes.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Artificial high-density lipoprotein-mimicking nanotherapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Hongliang He et al.

Summary: Despite the efficacy of current therapies in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to reduce cardiovascular disease risks, there are still significant risks of morbidity and mortality from CVD in the general population. Clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the potential of direct infusion of reconstituted HDL products to reduce coronary events in CVD patients, and there is also a growing focus on developing artificial HDL-mimicking nanotherapeutics for complementary therapeutic strategies for CVD patients beyond traditional approaches.

WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems