4.2 Review

Oral microbiome as a new research-target for supportive care and precision oncology

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Review Oncology

Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions

Douglas Hanahan

Summary: The concept of the hallmarks of cancer is a tool for simplifying the complexity of cancer phenotypes and genotypes into basic principles. This article proposes phenotypic plasticity and disrupted differentiation as distinct hallmark capabilities, and discusses nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming and polymorphic microbiomes as enabling characteristics. Additionally, the importance of senescent cells in the tumor microenvironment is highlighted. The integrative concept of the hallmarks of cancer helps in understanding the mechanisms of cancer development and applying that knowledge to cancer medicine.

CANCER DISCOVERY (2022)

Article Oncology

Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via the NOD1/RIPK2/NF-κB pathway

Daichi Nomoto et al.

Summary: Fusobacterium nucleatum influences the progression of gastrointestinal cancers by invading and occupying cancer cells, impacting gene and protein expression, and activating signaling pathways. This study provides insights into the mechanism of ESCC progression induced by F. nucleatum.

CANCER LETTERS (2022)

Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in oral and orodigestive squamous cell carcinoma

Richard J. Lamont et al.

Summary: Oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas have a distinct microbiome composition compared to precancerous and healthy tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, is associated with the cancerous state and poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that P. gingivalis may promote tumor development through various mechanisms. The microbial community context also plays a role in oncogenicity, with some bacteria having protumorigenic or antagonistic effects. Metatranscriptomic data suggests that functional properties of tumor-associated communities are more relevant to cancer development than compositional properties. The consistent association of P. gingivalis with oral and orodigestive carcinoma could have diagnostic potential for early detection.

PERIODONTOLOGY 2000 (2022)

Article Microbiology

Long-Term Analysis of Resilience of the Oral Microbiome in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Alexa M. G. A. Laheij et al.

Summary: Stem cell transplantation (SCT) leads to oral microbial dysbiosis, but the oral microbiome recovers after 3 months. Microbial diversity and composition are associated with oral mucositis, but not with oral chronic graft-versus-host disease.

MICROORGANISMS (2022)

Article Oncology

Fusobacterium nucleatum impairs DNA mismatch repair and stability in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Chi-Yao Hsueh et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the association between Fusobacterium and the development and recurrence of HNSCC, as well as the correlation between Fusobacterium nucleatum and dMMR and MSI in HNSCC tissues. F. nucleatum suppresses MMR-related gene expression through the TLR4/MYD88/miR-205-5p signaling pathway, leading to DNA damage and cell proliferation, and influencing the epigenetic changes in HNSCC.

CANCER (2022)

Article Oncology

The oral microbiome and breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease, and its relationship with the fecal microbiome in the Ghana Breast Health Study

Zeni Wu et al.

Summary: The oral microbiome is associated with breast cancer and nonmalignant breast disease, and its diversity is negatively correlated with the risk of these conditions. There is a strong correlation between the oral and fecal microbiome in breast cancer cases, but not in controls.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2022)

Article Oncology

The Oral Microbiome and Lung Cancer Risk: An Analysis of 3 Prospective Cohort Studies

Emily Vogtmann et al.

Summary: This study found prospective associations between oral microbiota and lung cancer risk in 3 US cohort studies, with variations based on smoking history and histological subtype.

JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE (2022)

Review Microbiology

The oral microbiome, pancreatic cancer and human diversity in the age of precision medicine

Kelly M. Herremans et al.

Summary: Pancreatic cancer patients have oral microbial shifts that may indicate their risk years before diagnosis, and pathogenic bacteria have been found in pancreatic tumors. Understanding the interaction between the oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer could lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, reducing healthcare disparities.

MICROBIOME (2022)

Article Oncology

Chemotherapy-associated oral microbiome changes in breast cancer patients

Ingeborg Klymiuk et al.

Summary: This study analyzes the changes in the oral microbiome of breast cancer patients during chemotherapy, highlighting the importance of further research on the correlation between oral microbiota and chemotherapy side effects. The results suggest a potential role of oral microbiota in the occurrence of chemotherapy-related oral side effects.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2022)

Article Otorhinolaryngology

Quantification of very late xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients after irradiation

Grace C. Blitzer et al.

Summary: Objective Radiation therapy for head and neck cancer can lead to severe xerostomia. This study explored the very late effects of radiation therapy on xerostomia and found that the quality of life of patients with radiation-induced xerostomia was significantly worse. The study also found differences in salivary mucin levels and oral microbiome diversity between patients and healthy controls.

LARYNGOSCOPE INVESTIGATIVE OTOLARYNGOLOGY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Commensal oral microbiota impacts ulcerative oral mucositis clinical course in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients

Julia Bruno et al.

Summary: Oral mucositis is a common complication affecting patients undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Research indicates that the oral microbiota is associated with the occurrence and recovery of oral mucositis, suggesting further studies should focus on host-microbiome interactions to prevent and treat oral mucositis.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

Article Microbiology

Fusobacterium nucleatum predicts a high risk of metastasis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Zhen Li et al.

Summary: This study revealed a correlation between bacterial communities in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and tumor progression and clinical characteristics, particularly the association of F. nucleatum abundance with metastatic potential. These findings suggest a potential method for predicting metastasis in esophageal cancer.

BMC MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Differences in the bacteriome of swab, saliva, and tissue biopsies in oral cancer

Divya Gopinath et al.

Summary: Microbial dysbiosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of oral cancer, with significant differences in microbial composition and metabolic profiles between tumor surfaces and deep tissues. Saliva from oral cancer patients also exhibited distinct microbial communities compared to tumor tissue, indicating potential implications for oncogenic properties.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Review Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome

Zoe L. S. Brookes et al.

Summary: Chlorhexidine mouthwash may alter the composition of the oral microbiome, potentially leading to a decrease in bacterial diversity and abundance, particularly in vivo.

JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (2021)

Article Oncology

Transitions in oral and gut microbiome of HPV plus oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma following definitive chemoradiotherapy (ROMA LA-OPSCC study)

Marc Oliva et al.

Summary: The study found that the oral and gut microbiomes of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients differ by disease stage. Chemoradiotherapy caused a shift in the microbiome composition of oropharyngeal swabs towards a gut-like microbiome, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER (2021)

Article Oncology

The baseline oral microbiota predicts the response of locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma patients to induction chemotherapy: A prospective longitudinal study

Mengyu Rui et al.

Summary: The study found that the oral microbiome plays an important role in the sensitivity of OSCC patients to TPF induction chemotherapy, and provides novel potential biomarkers for predicting the response to TPF induction chemotherapy.

RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Oncology

A hypothesis for the pathogenesis of radiation-induced oral mucositis: when biological challenges exceed physiologic protective mechanisms. Implications for pharmacological prevention and treatment

Stephen T. Sonis

Summary: Oral mucositis (OM) is a significant unmet need for patients receiving standard concomitant chemoradiation (CRT) regimens for head and neck cancers, with a complex pathogenesis involving oxidative stress. A hypothesis suggests that the mucosal damage in OM is mainly due to cumulative CRT-induced biological changes overwhelming physiological self-protective mechanisms, and an individual's ability to mount a protective response is determined by interactions between genomics, epigenomics, and microbiomics. Effective biologic or pharmacologic interventions for OM are likely to supplement or stimulate existing physiological damage-control mechanisms.

SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER (2021)

Article Oncology

Restoration of the Oral Microbiota After Surgery for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Associated With Patient Outcomes

Jason Y. K. Chan et al.

Summary: The study evaluated changes in the oral microbiome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients pre- and post-surgery, finding that dysbiosis of the oral microbiome can impact patient treatment and outcomes, potentially serving as biomarkers for management of HNSCC patients.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Salivary Porphyromonas gingivalis predicts outcome in oral squamous cell carcinomas: a cohort study

Qingli Chen et al.

Summary: This study found that Pg may be involved in the pathogenesis of OSCC, patients with OSCC carried prevalent fimA genotypes I, Ib, II, and IV, Pg in OSCC tissue may originate from the salivary microbial reservoir, and the abundance of Pg in saliva could be considered as a potentially favorable prognostic indicator in OSCC.

BMC ORAL HEALTH (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The role of oral bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease

Emily Read et al.

Summary: This perspective discusses the potential direct role of oral-associated bacteria in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting that these bacteria may exacerbate inflammation in the intestine. Changes in the oral bacterial microbiota are associated with various inflammatory conditions, and it is proposed that oral disease-associated bacteria could translocate to the intestine and directly worsen the disease. The evidence supporting this hypothesis is critically evaluated in the context of other diseases where oral bacteria have been implicated.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Disruption of the oral microbiota is associated with a higher risk of relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Vinicius Campos de Molla et al.

Summary: The study found that dysbiosis of the oral mucosa microbiota is associated with a higher risk of relapse and poorer survival after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mutational signature in colorectal cancer caused by genotoxic pks+E. coli

Cayetano Pleguezuelos-Manzano et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Immunology

The Oral Microbiota May Have Influence on Oral Cancer

Ling Zhang et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Oral health and gastrointestinal cancer: A nationwide cohort study

Kijeong Lee et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY (2020)

Review Immunology

The Oral Microbiome and Cancer

Muhammad Irfan et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Head and Neck Cancer

Laura Q. M. Chow

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Oncology

Comparison of Oral Collection Methods for Studies of Microbiota

Emily Vogtmann et al.

CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION (2019)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Enrichment of oral microbiota in early cystic precursors to invasive pancreatic cancer

Rogier Aaron Gaiser et al.

Review Cell Biology

The Microbiome-Estrogen Connection and Breast Cancer Risk

Sheetal Parida et al.

Review Immunology

Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells

Sabine Groeger et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

Overall and disease-specific survival outcomes following primary surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma: analysis of consecutive 67 patients

Yookyeong Carolyn Sim et al.

JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGEONS (2019)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The oral microbiota in colorectal cancer is distinctive and predictive

Burkhardt Flemer et al.

Review Microbiology

Best practices for analysing microbiomes

Rob Knight et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Comparison of the oral microbiome in mouthwash and whole saliva samples

Xiaozhou Fan et al.

PLOS ONE (2018)

Article Oncology

A prospective cohort study on poor oral hygiene and pancreatic cancer risk

Jiaqi Huang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2016)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Linkages between oral commensal bacteria and atherosclerotic plaques in coronary artery disease patients

Jyoti Chhibber-Goel et al.

NPJ BIOFILMS AND MICROBIOMES (2016)

Review Oncology

The microbiome and cancer

Robert F. Schwabe et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2013)

Article Oncology

Smoking, Alcohol, and Betel Quid and Oral Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study

Wen-Jiun Lin et al.

JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY (2011)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The hallmarks of cancer

D Hanahan et al.