Measuring the effect of climate change in Antarctic microbial communities: toward novel experimental approaches

The Antarctic continent is undergoing a rapid warming, affecting microbial communities throughout its ecosystems. This continent is a natural laboratory for studying the effect of climate change, however, assessing the microbial communities' responses to environmental changes is challenging from a methodological point of view. We suggest novel experimental designs, including multivariable assessments that apply multiomics methods in combination with continuous environmental data recording and new warming simulation systems. Moreover, we propose that climate change studies in Antarctica should consider three main objectives, including descriptive studies, short-term temporary adaptation studies, and long-term adaptive evolution studies. This will help us to understand and manage the effects of climate change on the Earth.

Automated summary

The Antarctic continent is experiencing rapid warming, which is impacting microbial communities in its ecosystems. Studying the effects of climate change on these communities is challenging, but novel experimental designs involving multiomics methods, continuous environmental data recording, and new warming simulation systems can help overcome these challenges. Additionally, research in Antarctica should prioritize descriptive studies, short-term temporary adaptation studies, and long-term adaptive evolution studies to gain a better understanding and management of climate change effects on Earth.