Update on Cannabidiol Clinical Toxicity and Adverse Effects: A Systematic Review

Article Clinical Neurology

Long-term cannabidiol treatment for seizures in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex: An open-label extension trial

Elizabeth A. Thiele et al.

Summary: In patients with tuberous sclerosis complex, long-term add-on CBD treatment was well tolerated and sustainably reduced seizures through 48 weeks, with most patients reporting global improvement.

EPILEPSIA (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A placebo-controlled investigation of the analgesic effects, abuse liability, safety and tolerability of a range of oral cannabidiol doses in healthy humans

Caroline A. Arout et al.

Summary: This study found that acute oral CBD did not consistently demonstrate dose-dependent analgesic effects in healthy noncannabis users, and in fact increased pain in some measures. Future studies should consider using more comprehensive pain assessment paradigms and investigate the analgesic effects of CBD in different populations.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cannabidiol enhancement of exposure therapy in treatment refractory patients with social anxiety disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia: A randomised controlled trial

Caroline M. B. Kwee et al.

Summary: Preclinical research suggests that enhancing CB1 receptor agonism may improve fear extinction. However, a clinical trial examining the use of cannabidiol (CBD) as an adjunctive therapy in anxiety disorders found that CBD did not improve treatment outcome or enhance fear extinction or extinction learning.

EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Orthopedics

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Topical Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Thumb Basal Joint Arthritis

John T. Heineman et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of topical cannabidiol (CBD) for the treatment of pain associated with thumb basal joint arthritis. The results showed that topical CBD treatment significantly improved pain and disability without any adverse events.

JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME (2022)

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Article Anesthesiology

Cannabidiol treatment in hand osteoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Jonathan Vela et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the use of CBD as an adjuvant analgesic therapy in patients with hand osteoarthritis or psoriatic arthritis. The results showed no significant effects of CBD on pain intensity, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, or pain catastrophizing scores compared to placebo.

PAIN (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Cannabidiol and Cannabidiol Metabolites: Pharmacokinetics, Interaction with Food, and Influence on Liver Function

Kieran Shay Struebin Abbotts et al.

Summary: The study found significant pharmacokinetic differences between commercial CBD formulations, CBD is unlikely to affect the caloric cost of eating, but may benefit initial metabolic responses, consuming CBD with food alters the dynamics of CBD metabolism and increases systemic availability, low-dose CBD may not pose a risk to normal liver function.

NUTRIENTS (2022)

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Article Orthopedics

Buccally Absorbed Cannabidiol Shows Significantly Superior Pain Control and Improved Satisfaction Immediately After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded, Randomized Trial

Michael J. Alaia et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the analgesic effects of buccally absorbed cannabidiol (CBD) in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). The results showed that CBD significantly reduced pain in the immediate postoperative period and had an acceptable safety profile.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Adjunctive Transdermal Cannabidiol for Adults With Focal Epilepsy A Randomized Clinical Trial

Terence J. O'Brien et al.

Summary: This study investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of transdermal cannabidiol in adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. The results showed no significant difference in seizure frequency between cannabidiol and placebo during the treatment period. However, the long-term safety, tolerability, and acceptability of transdermal cannabidiol delivery were demonstrated.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Cannabinoids for behavioral symptoms in severe dementia: Safety and feasibility in a long-term pilot observational study in nineteen patients

Sophie Pautex et al.

Summary: This study examined the feasibility and long-term safety of administering THC/CBD treatment to poly medicated patients with severe dementia. The results showed that long-term THC/CBD (1:2) medication can be safely administered with overall positive clinical improvement for older adults with severe dementia who are using multiple medications.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Psychology, Clinical

Cannabidiol for Treatment-Resistant Anxiety Disorders in Young People: An Open-Label Trial

Maximus Berger et al.

Summary: This study found that CBD can reduce anxiety severity and has an adequate safety profile in young people with treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and longer-term safety of this compound.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Cannabidiol for COVID-19 Patients with Mild to Moderate Symptoms (CANDIDATE Study): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Jose Alexandre S. Crippa et al.

Summary: A clinical trial conducted in Brazil showed that daily administration of 300 mg CBD for 14 days failed to alter the clinical evolution of COVID-19, with no significant effect on symptom resolution. CBD was well tolerated, producing mostly mild and transient side effects.

CANNABIS AND CANNABINOID RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A pilot randomised placebo-controlled trial of cannabidiol to reduce severe behavioural problems in children and adolescents with intellectual disability

Daryl Efron et al.

Summary: The pilot study on cannabidiol for reducing severe behavioral problems in children with intellectual disability showed that the study protocol is feasible and acceptable to patients with ID and SBP and their families. Parents reported high acceptability and all completed the study protocol, with no serious adverse events or drop-outs. Efficacy signal in favor of the active drug was observed.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cannabidiol in conjunction with clobazam: analysis of four randomized controlled trials

Boudewijn Gunning et al.

Summary: The study found that add-on CBD was effective in reducing seizures in the overall population and in patients receiving clobazam. Patients on CBD and clobazam experienced higher rates of somnolence and sedation.

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A phase I trial of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol administered as single-dose oil solution and single and multiple doses of a sublingual wafer in healthy volunteers

Adele Hosseini et al.

Summary: The study investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a specific Cannabis sativa cultivar extract standardized to cannabidiol (CBD) content administered as sublingual wafer or oil compared to nabiximols oromucosal spray. The extract was well tolerated with mild adverse events, and the relative bioavailability of CBD was comparable between wafer and oil formulations. Maximum concentrations of CBD occurred 4 hours after administration, with an estimated terminal elimination half-life of 6 hours, and no significant difference in CBD concentrations was found between oil solution, wafer, and nabiximols oromucosal spray.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Cannabidiol and Abnormal Liver Chemistries in Healthy Adults: Results of a Phase I Clinical Trial

Paul B. Watkins et al.

Summary: Liver safety concerns have been raised in healthy adults consuming therapeutic daily doses of CBD, with some experiencing drug-induced liver injury characterized by elevated serum ALT values. However, there was no correlation found between transaminase elevations and baseline characteristics, pharmacogenetic, or pharmacokinetic data.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2021)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Cognitive and behavioral effects of cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy

Birgitta Metternich et al.

Summary: A study on the cognitive and behavioral effects of CBD in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy found no significant cognitive decline and improvements in selective attention and caregiver-rated behavior. Over 89% of individual test results showed stability or improvement, with cognitive and behavioral changes not correlated with CBD dose. The results suggest an encouraging side-effect profile of CBD in terms of cognition and behavior, calling for replication with larger samples for validation.

EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Add-On Cannabidiol Treatment for Drug-Resistant Seizures in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial

Elizabeth A. Thiele et al.

Summary: Cannabidiol significantly reduced TSC-associated seizures compared with placebo, with the 25-mg/kg/day dosage having a better safety profile. Both dosages were equally efficacious in reducing seizures, but the smaller dosage led to fewer adverse events.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Psychiatry

Cannabidiol for the treatment of crack-cocaine craving: an exploratory double-blind study

Carolina de Meneses-Gaya et al.

Summary: The study showed a significant reduction in craving levels over the 10-day period in both CBD and placebo groups, with no differences between them. CBD did not have an effect on symptoms of anxiety, depression, and sleep alterations. Further studies with larger outpatient samples involving different doses and treatment periods are needed to investigate the potential of CBD in reducing crack-cocaine self-administration.

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cannabidiol-enriched medical cannabis as add-on therapy in children with treatment-resistant West syndrome: A study of eight patients

Roberto Caraballo et al.

Summary: This retrospective study analyzed the effects of CBD treatment in 8 patients with refractory epilepsy. 50% of the patients experienced a seizure frequency reduction of over 50%, with EEG abnormalities improving in 7 patients as seizures decreased.

SEIZURE-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPILEPSY (2021)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Long-term safety and efficacy of highly purified cannabidiol for treatment refractory epilepsy

Tyler E. Gaston et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated significant reductions in seizure frequency and severity over a two-year period in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy receiving highly purified CBD. Most patients tolerated CBD well and experienced positive treatment outcomes, although some adverse events were reported among a minority of participants.

EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR (2021)

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Article Psychiatry

Cannabidiol Cigarettes as Adjunctive Treatment for Psychotic Disorders - A Randomized, Open-Label Pilot-Study

Patrick Koeck et al.

Summary: Psychotic disorders are often accompanied by substance use disorders, with the use of THC-rich cannabis linked to a higher risk of psychosis. While previous studies suggest CBD as a potential antipsychotic agent, this trial investigated the effects of smoked CBD-cigarettes as adjunctive therapy for psychotic symptoms, indicating a possible antipsychotic medication-sparing effect. However, the small sample size limited further statistical analysis and suggests the need for larger studies with more rigorous study design.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cannabidiol for Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

Carlos M. O. de Almeida et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of CBD as an alternative therapy for RBD in patients with Parkinson's disease. While CBD did not show significant differences compared to placebo for primary outcomes, there was a transient improvement in sleep satisfaction observed with a 300mg dose.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

Matthew J. Page et al.

Summary: The PRISMA statement was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report the purpose, methods, and findings of their reviews. The updated PRISMA 2020 statement includes new reporting guidance, a 27-item checklist, an abstract checklist, and revised flow diagrams for reviews.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A Phase 1 Open-Label, Fixed-Sequence Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Trial to Investigate the Effect of Cannabidiol on the CYP1A2 Probe Caffeine in Healthy Subjects

Ching Thai et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of CBD on caffeine clearance in healthy adults and found that CBD is an inhibitor of CYP1A2, leading to increased caffeine exposure and decreased paraxanthine exposure when taken together with caffeine.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Add-on cannabidiol in patients with Dravet syndrome: Results of a long-term open-label extension trial

Ingrid E. Scheffer et al.

Summary: Long-term treatment with cannabidiol (CBD) showed acceptable safety and significant reductions in seizure frequency for patients with treatment-resistant Dravet syndrome.

EPILEPSIA (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Long-term safety and efficacy of add-on cannabidiol in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Results of a long-term open-label extension trial

Anup D. Patel et al.

Summary: Long-term add-on CBD treatment for LGS showed good safety and efficacy outcomes. Sustained reductions in drop and total seizure frequency were observed for up to 156 weeks, demonstrating long-term benefits of CBD treatment for patients with LGS.

EPILEPSIA (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol Plus Standard Care vs Standard Care Alone for the Treatment of Emotional Exhaustion and Burnout Among Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic A Randomized Clinical Trial

Jose Alexandre S. Crippa et al.

Summary: CBD therapy reduced burnout and emotional exhaustion symptoms among frontline health care professionals working with COVID-19 patients. However, potential undesired or adverse effects of CBD therapy need to be carefully balanced. Future double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety and Tolerability of Transdermal Cannabidiol Gel in Children With Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial

Ingrid E. Scheffer et al.

Summary: In this study, CBD transdermal gel was found to be safe and well tolerated for children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, and it was associated with reductions in seizure frequency and disease burden.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

UHPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Cannabidiol and Its Metabolites in Serum of Patients with Resistant Epilepsy Treated with CBD Formulations

Sara Malaca et al.

Summary: Cannabidiol (CBD) is a promising therapeutic agent with analgesic, myorelaxant, and anti-epileptic actions. A newly developed method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry has been validated to evaluate CBD and its metabolites, showing that patients treated with GW pharma CBD had significantly higher serum levels of CBD and its metabolites compared to those treated with galenic preparations.

PHARMACEUTICALS (2021)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Time Courses in the Sera of Light Cannabis Smokers: Discriminating Light Cannabis Use from Illegal and Medical Cannabis Use

Simona Pichini et al.

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A Phase I, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Single-Dose Trial of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Cannabidiol in Subjects with Mild to Severe Renal Impairment

Bola Tayo et al.

CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

A phase 1, randomized, pharmacokinetic trial of the effect of different meal compositions, whole milk, and alcohol on cannabidiol exposure and safety in healthy subjects

Julie Crockett et al.

EPILEPSIA (2020)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Abrupt withdrawal of cannabidiol (CBD): A randomized trial

Lesley Taylor et al.

EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cannabidiol Elevates Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Levels in Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Daniel Ebrahimi-Fakhari et al.

PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Letter Medical Laboratory Technology

Is light cannabis really light? Determination of cannabinoids content in commercial products

Emilia Marchei et al.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

A Phase II Randomized Trial to Explore the Potential for Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions with Stiripentol or Valproate when Combined with Cannabidiol in Patients with Epilepsy

Elinor Ben-Menachem et al.

CNS DRUGS (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Dose-Ranging Effect of Adjunctive Oral Cannabidiol vs Placebo on Convulsive Seizure Frequency in Dravet Syndrome A Randomized Clinical Trial

Ian Miller et al.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Cannabidiol in treatment of refractory epileptic spasms: An open-label study

Aline Herlopian et al.

EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A Phase 1, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Escalation Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol in Fed Healthy Volunteers

Daniel Perkins et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DRUG METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Serious adverse effects of cannabidiol (CBD): a review of randomized controlled trials

Rafael G. Dos Santos et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cannabidiol (CBD) and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) for chronic insomnia disorder ('CANSLEEP' trial): protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, proof-of-concept trial

Anastasia Suraev et al.

BMJ OPEN (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Herbal Preparations of Medical Cannabis: A Vademecum for Prescribing Doctors

Pietro Brunetti et al.

MEDICINA-LITHUANIA (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

Adverse effects of cannabidiol: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Edward Chesney et al.

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cannabidiol efficacy independent of clobazam: Meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials

Orrin Devinsky et al.

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A Phase 2, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Investigate Potential Drug-Drug Interactions Between Cannabidiol and Clobazam

Kevan E. VanLandingham et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Cognitive function and adaptive skills after a one-year trial of cannabidiol (CBD) in a pediatric sample with treatment-resistant epilepsy

Matthew D. Thompson et al.

EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Effectiveness of cannabidiol in a prospective cohort of children with drug-resistant epileptic encephalopathy in Argentina

Roberto Caraballo et al.

SEIZURE-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPILEPSY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Disposition of Cannabidiol Metabolites in Serum and Urine from Healthy Individuals Treated with Pharmaceutical Preparations of Medical Cannabis

Ana Pilar Perez-Acevedo et al.

PHARMACEUTICALS (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Add-on cannabidiol significantly decreases seizures in 3 patients with SYNGAP1 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

Mathieu Kuchenbuch et al.

EPILEPSIA OPEN (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cannabidiol for Treating Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome and Dravet Syndrome in Korea

Chung Mo Koo et al.

JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Cannabidiol normalizes resting-state functional connectivity in treatment-resistant epilepsy

Rodolphe Nenert et al.

EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR (2020)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Long-term efficacy and safety of cannabidiol (CBD) in children with treatment-resistant epilepsy: Results from a state-based expanded access program

Yong D. Park et al.

EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR (2020)

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Article Psychiatry

Cannabidiol for the treatment of cannabis use disorder: a phase 2a, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, adaptive Bayesian trial

Tom P. Freeman et al.

LANCET PSYCHIATRY (2020)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Allosteric and orthosteric pharmacology of cannabidiol and cannabidiol-dimethylheptyl at the type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors

Mylyne Tham et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Cannabidiol in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Interim analysis of an open-label extension study

Elizabeth Thiele et al.

EPILEPSIA (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Long-term safety and efficacy of cannabidiol in children and adults with treatment resistant Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome: Expanded access program results

Linda C. Laux et al.

EPILEPSY RESEARCH (2019)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A Phase 1, Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Single-Dose Trial of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Cannabidiol (CBD) in Subjects With Mild to Severe Hepatic Impairment

Lesley Taylor et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2019)

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Review Neurosciences

Increased expression of cannabinoid CB2 and serotonin 5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes in a model of newborn hypoxic-ischemic brain damage

Rafael Franco et al.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2019)

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Article Psychiatry

Cannabidiol for the Reduction of Cue-Induced Craving and Anxiety in Drug-Abstinent Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Yasmin L. Hurd et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Multiple Doses of Pharmaceutical-Grade Synthetic Cannabidiol in Pediatric Patients with Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy

James W. Wheless et al.

CNS DRUGS (2019)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

CLINICAL UPDATE Medicinal use of cannabis based products and cannabinoids

Tom P. Freeman et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2019)

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Review Neurosciences

Cannabidiol Adverse Effects and Toxicity

Marilyn A. Huestis et al.

CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2019)

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Article Pediatrics

Purified Cannabidiol for Treatment of Refractory Epilepsies in Pediatric Patients with Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy

Nicola Pietrafusa et al.

PEDIATRIC DRUGS (2019)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Cognitive functioning following long-term cannabidiol use in adults with treatment-resistant epilepsy

Roy C. Martin et al.

EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

A phase 1/2, open-label assessment of the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of transdermal cannabidiol (ZYN002) for the treatment of pediatric fragile X syndrome

Helen Heussler et al.

JOURNAL OF NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS (2019)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

European drug agency approves cannabis-based medicine for severe forms of epilepsy

Jacqui Wise

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cannabidiol affects circadian clock core complex and its regulation in microglia cells

Genevieve Lafaye et al.

ADDICTION BIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Long-term cannabidiol treatment in patients with Dravet syndrome: An open-label extension trial

Orrin Devinsky et al.

EPILEPSIA (2019)

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Article Integrative & Complementary Medicine

Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Series

Lucas Elms et al.

JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A Phase 1, Open-Label, Pharmacokinetic Trial to Investigate Possible Drug-Drug Interactions Between Clobazam, Stiripentol, or Valproate and Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects

Gilmour Morrison et al.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT (2019)

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Article Psychiatry

Cannabidiol (CBD) as an Adjunctive Therapy in Schizophrenia: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Philip McGuire et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (2018)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Cannabidiol Inhibits Endocannabinoid Signaling in Autaptic Hippocampal Neurons

Alex Straiker et al.

MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Review Immunology

Translational Investigation of the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD): Toward a New Age

Jose A. Crippa et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effects of cannabidiol interactions with Wnt/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease

Alexandre Vallee et al.

ACTA BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA SINICA (2017)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabivarin on Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Pilot Study

Khalid A. Jadoon et al.

DIABETES CARE (2016)

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Review Physiology

FROM PHYTOCANNABINOIDS TO CANNABINOID RECEPTORS AND ENDOCANNABINOIDS: PLEIOTROPIC PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL ROLES THROUGH COMPLEX PHARMACOLOGY

Alessia Ligresti et al.

PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2016)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor

R. B. Laprairie et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2015)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Cannabidiol: Pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders

Orrin Devinsky et al.

EPILEPSIA (2014)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Evidence for a potential role for TRPV1 receptors in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray in the attenuation of the anxiolytic effects of cannabinoids

Alline Cristina Campos et al.

PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY (2009)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cannabidiol - Recent advances

Raphael Mechoulam et al.

CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY (2007)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Cannabinoid pharmacology: the first 66 years

RG Pertwee

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2006)

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Review Biology

Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an antipsychotic drug

AW Zuardi et al.

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2006)

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Update on Cannabidiol Clinical Toxicity and Adverse Effects: A Systematic Review

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