☆ 4.3 Review

Increased Risk of Preeclampsia with Assisted Reproductive Technologies

CURRENT HYPERTENSION REPORTS (2023)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Infertility and treatments used have minimal effects on first-trimester placental DNA methylation and gene expression

Tania L. Gonzalez et al.

Summary: This study aimed to determine whether DNA methylation alterations exist in the first-trimester human placenta between conceptions using fertility treatments and those that do not. It also assessed whether significant alterations led to changes in gene expression.

FERTILITY AND STERILITY (2023)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Donated-embryo pregnancies are associated with increased risk of hypertensive disorders even for young recipients: a retrospective matched-cohort study

Maeliss Peigne et al.

Summary: This study compared the risk of complications between pregnancies with donated embryos and autologous frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). The results showed that pregnancies with donated embryos had a significantly higher incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), particularly the severe forms. Additionally, the rate of C-sections was higher in donated-embryo pregnancies, while there were no significant differences in newborn outcomes between the two groups.

FERTILITY AND STERILITY (2023)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Risk of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy After Fresh and Frozen Embryo Transfer in Assisted Reproduction: A Population-Based Cohort Study With Within-Sibship Analysis

Sindre H. Petersen et al.

Summary: Frozen-ET is associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy compared to natural conception and fresh-ET, but the reasons for this are unknown.

HYPERTENSION (2023)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Comparison of pregnancy outcomes between IVF-ET pregnancies and spontaneous pregnancies in women of advanced maternal age

Manning Lang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of IVF on pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in women of advanced maternal age. The results showed that the ART group had higher rates of primiparity, cesarean section, twin births, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Neonates in the ART group had lower birth weights. However, in the singleton-only comparison, only gestational hypertension showed a statistically significant difference.

JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

The gestational age-specific difference in birthweight between singletons born after fresh and frozen embryo transfer: A cohort study

Qiaoqiao Ding et al.

Summary: Singletons born after frozen embryo transfer (FET) have higher birthweight compared to those born after fresh embryo transfer (Fre-ET). This study aimed to investigate the gestational week-specific difference in singleton birthweight after FET vs Fre-ET and explore potential factors that impact the difference. The results showed that the differences in birthweight, large for gestational age (LGA), and small for gestational age (SGA) were only observed in full-term singletons born at 37 gestational weeks or later, with FET singletons having higher birthweight, higher risk of LGA, and lower risk of SGA compared to Fre-ET singletons.

ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA (2023)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #60: Management of pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization

Alessandro Ghidini et al.

Summary: This article discusses the management of pregnancies achieved with in vitro fertilization and provides recommendations for genetic counseling, prenatal screening and diagnostic testing, ultrasound examination, fetal echocardiography, placental evaluation, cervical length assessment, fetal growth assessment, low-dose aspirin use, antenatal fetal surveillance, and timing of delivery.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2022)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Antioxidant supplementation of mouse embryo culture or vitrification media support more in-vivo-like gene expression post-transfer

Thi Truong et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effect of combined antioxidants on mouse fetal gene expression. The results showed that both in-vitro culture in the presence of 20% oxygen and vitrification of blastocysts significantly perturbed fetal liver and placental gene expression. However, supplementation with A3 reduced the number of differentially expressed genes and altered biological processes, establishing a more in-vivo-like gene expression profile, particularly in the placenta. Additionally, A3 supplementation significantly reduced the expression of genes associated with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE (2022)

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Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

The etiology of preeclampsia

Eunjung Jung et al.

Summary: This article reviews the potential etiologies of preeclampsia, including uteroplacental ischemia, microbial infection, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. It also discusses the association between gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal obesity, autoimmunity, fetal diseases, endocrine disorders and preeclampsia.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2022)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Should any use of artificial cycle regimen for frozen-thawed embryo transfer in women capable of ovulation be abandoned: yes, but what's next for FET cycle practice and research?

Frauke von Versen-Hoeynck et al.

Summary: The use of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) treatment has increased significantly over the past decade. While the artificial cycle regimen provides convenience in aligning thawing and transferring embryos, recent data suggest that it may pose risks to maternal and fetal health. Therefore, the use of artificial cycle regimens in ovulatory women should be discouraged based on existing evidence.

HUMAN REPRODUCTION (2022)

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Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

Obstetric and perinatal outcomes following programmed compared to natural frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Andrea Busnelli et al.

Summary: Programmed FET protocols are associated with increased risks of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, post-partum hemorrhage, and cesarean section compared with natural FET protocols. However, more well-conducted prospective studies are needed to establish a safe endometrial preparation strategy for FET cycles.

HUMAN REPRODUCTION (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Treatment for Mild Chronic Hypertension during Pregnancy

A. T. Tita et al.

Summary: In pregnant women with mild chronic hypertension, a strategy of targeting a blood pressure of less than 140/90 mm Hg was associated with better pregnancy outcomes compared to a strategy of reserving treatment only for severe hypertension, without increasing the risk of small-for-gestational-age birth weight.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Reproductive Biology

Alteration of LncRNA expression in mice placentae after frozen embryo transfer is associated with increased fetal weight

Yuan Zhu et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of embryo transfer on mouse fetal weight and placental function by transferring vitrified-warmed or fresh embryos into pseudopregnant recipients. The results showed an increase in fetal weight in the FET group, along with an increase in placental efficiency and the proportion of the placental function related labyrinth zone area. RNA-Seq analysis identified differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs that might be related to placental morphogenesis.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Placental Abnormalities are Associated With Specific Windows of Embryo Culture in a Mouse Model

Lisa A. Vrooman et al.

Summary: Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) involve manipulating gametes and embryos in vitro to produce offspring. ART pregnancies have increased risks of low birth weight, abnormal placenta formation, pregnancy complications, and imprinting disorders. This study found that embryo culture during specific stages of preimplantation development can lead to reduced fetal:placental ratio, abnormal placental morphology, and reduced DNA methylation in placentas. The findings also suggest that extended culture to the blastocyst stage induces additional placental DNA methylation changes compared to embryos transferred at the morula stage, and there are sex differences in DNA methylation loss. By identifying the vulnerable developmental windows, this study provides a basis for optimizing culture conditions to reduce risks associated with ART pregnancies.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

The impact of insurance mandates on donor oocyte utilization: an analysis of 39,338 donor oocyte cycles from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology registry

Jenny S. George et al.

Summary: This study investigated the characteristics and cycle-specific parameters of patients using donor oocytes based on the insurance mandate status. The results showed that patients in states without insurance mandates were more likely to use frozen donor oocytes and undergo fewer autologous in vitro fertilization cycles.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Embryo cryopreservation leads to sex-specific DNA methylation perturbations in both human and mouse placentas

Sneha Mani et al.

Summary: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with DNA methylation abnormalities and a higher incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study examines DNA methylation in human and mouse placentas after frozen and fresh embryo transfer (ET) cycles and highlights the importance of sex-specific evaluation of adverse outcomes. The results suggest that frozen ET leads to significant hypermethylation in placentas, mainly driven by male placentas, while fresh ET placentas show hypomethylation compared to controls, mainly driven by female placentas. The study also emphasizes the suitability of the mouse model for evaluating the impact of IVF on the epigenetic landscape.

HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS (2022)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

PCOS and the risk of pre-eclampsia

Ashwini Joshi et al.

Summary: This study found that a history of PCOS was not significantly associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia. However, there may be subgroups of PCOS patients at higher risk of pre-eclampsia related to factors such as body mass index and parity. Further investigation is needed to determine these subgroups.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE (2022)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Association between programmed frozen embryo transfer and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Pietro Bortoletto et al.

Summary: The dissociation of embryo transfer from the ovarian stimulation cycle allows for increased flexibility in genetic testing and fertility preservation. However, programmed frozen embryo transfer cycles have raised concerns due to a potential increased risk of ineffective decidualization and impaired placental function.

FERTILITY AND STERILITY (2022)

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Article Biology

Murine blastocysts generated by in vitro fertilization show increased Warburg metabolism and altered lactate production

Seok Hee Lee et al.

Summary: In vitro fertilization (IVF) leads to increased oxidative stress and altered metabolic activity in embryos, resulting in potential health risks for IVF-conceived children. Changes in lactate metabolism may play a role in genomic reprogramming and developmental origin of health and disease.

ELIFE (2022)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Pregnancy outcomes following oocyte donation

Sine Berntsen et al.

Summary: The use of oocyte donation has become an essential part of assisted reproductive technology, but it is associated with increased risks of hypertensive disorders, preterm birth, and obstetric emergencies compared to IVF with autologous oocytes and natural pregnancies.

BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY (2021)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Obstetric and perinatal outcomes of in vitro fertilization and natural pregnancies in the same mother

Hadas Ganer Herman et al.

Summary: This study compared obstetric and perinatal outcomes between pregnancies conceived using IVF and natural pregnancies in the same women. The results showed that there were no significant differences in outcomes such as preterm birth, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and birth weight between IVF and natural pregnancies.

FERTILITY AND STERILITY (2021)

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Editorial Material Obstetrics & Gynecology

Which protocol for frozen-thawed embryo transfer is associated with the best outcomes for the mother and baby?

Frauke von Versen-Hoynck et al.

FERTILITY AND STERILITY (2021)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Conception by fertility treatment and offspring deoxyribonucleic acid methylation

Edwina H. Yeung et al.

Summary: The study found that assisted reproductive technologies (ART) were associated with differences in DNA methylation levels at birth compared to children conceived without fertility treatment, but only one difference at an imprinting region appeared to persist in childhood.

FERTILITY AND STERILITY (2021)

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Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

Secretory products of the corpus luteum and preeclampsia

Maria M. Pereira et al.

Summary: Literature suggests that secretory products of the corpus luteum play a crucial role in healthy pregnancy and may reduce the risk of preeclampsia in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Further understanding of these products could enhance the efficacy and safety of assisted reproductive technologies based on programmed FET cycles.

HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE (2021)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Blastocyst Vitrification and Trophectoderm Biopsy Cumulatively Alter Embryonic Gene Expression in a Mouse Model

Kristin Van Heertum et al.

Summary: The study suggests that embryo vitrification and biopsy can impact embryo gene transcription and biological pathways, particularly genes related to innate immunity, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function. Furthermore, disruptions in cytoskeletal integrity were observed, with greater impact corresponding to the extent of manipulation.

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

Assisted reproductive technology and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analyses

Hui Ju Chih et al.

Summary: This study found through systematic review and meta-analysis that pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART) are more likely to develop hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and preeclampsia compared to pregnancies from spontaneous conception (SC), especially in cases of frozen embryo transfer and oocyte donation.

BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH (2021)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Guidance on the limits to the number of embryos to transfer: a committee opinion

Alan Penzias et al.

Summary: Based on data from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, the guidelines for the limits on the number of embryos to be transferred during in vitro fertilization cycles have been further refined by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, aiming to promote singleton gestation and reduce the number of multiple pregnancies.

FERTILITY AND STERILITY (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Fresh versus frozen embryo transfers in assisted reproduction (Review)

Tjitske Zaat et al.

Summary: Based on the study, the 'freeze all' strategy may not have a significant difference compared to the conventional IVF/ICSI strategy in terms of cumulative live birth rate and ongoing pregnancy rate, but may have a lower risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. However, other risks such as maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and having a large-for-gestational-age baby may increase with the 'freeze all' strategy.

COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Developmental Biology

In vitro fertilization is associated with the onset and progression of preeclampsia

Jing Gui et al.

PLACENTA (2020)

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Article Reproductive Biology

Superovulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger and gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger differentially alter essential angiogenic factors in the endometrium in a mouse ART model

Thalia R. Segal et al.

BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION (2020)

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Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

Risk of preeclampsia following assisted reproductive technology: systematic review and meta-analysis of 72 cohort studies

Reza Omani-Samani et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Developmental Biology

Assisted reproductive technologies induce temporally specific placental defects and the preeclampsia risk marker sFLT1 in mouse

Lisa A. Vrooman et al.

DEVELOPMENT (2020)

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Article Physiology

Impact of Day 7 Blastocyst Transfer on Obstetric and Perinatal Outcome of Singletons Born After Vitrified-Warmed Embryo Transfer

Jiaan Huang et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2020)

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Correction Obstetrics & Gynecology

Oxygen concentration alters mitochondrial structure and function in in vitro fertilized preimplantation mouse embryos (vol 34, pg 601, 2019)

Manuel Belli et al.

HUMAN REPRODUCTION (2020)

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Article Reproductive Biology

Timing of exposure to gonadotropins has differential effects on the conceptus: evidence from a mouse model

Chantae Sullivan-Pyke et al.

BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION (2020)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Polycystic ovary syndrome as an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a population-based study on 9.1 million pregnancies

Ginevra Mills et al.

HUMAN REPRODUCTION (2020)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Animal Models of Preeclampsia

Kathryn L. Gatford et al.

HYPERTENSION (2020)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Special Issue Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Preeclampsia

Berthold Huppertz

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Sex-specific epigenetic profile of inner cell mass of mice conceived in vivo or by IVF

Elena Ruggeri et al.

MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia

Reinaldo Marin et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE (2020)

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Effects of vitrification and the superovulated environment on placental function and fetal growth in an IVF mouse model

C. Roeca et al.

MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION (2020)

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Jimmy Espinoza et al.

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Increased Risk of Pre-eclampsia After Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer in Programming Cycles

Ze Wang et al.

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Increased pregnancy complications following frozen-thawed embryo transfer during an artificial cycle

Shuang Jing et al.

JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS (2019)

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The effects of Assisted Reproductive Technologies on genomic imprinting in the placenta

Eric A. Rhon-Calderon et al.

PLACENTA (2019)

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Neonatal and maternal outcome after frozen embryo transfer: Increased risks in programmed cycles

Erica Ginstrom Ernstad et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2019)

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Endometrial preparation methods for frozen-thawed embryo transfer are associated with altered risks of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placenta accreta, and gestational diabetes mellitus

Kazuki Saito et al.

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Risk of adverse perinatal outcomes after oocyte donation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Increased incidence of obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnancies achieved using donor oocytes and single embryo transfer in young and healthy women. A prospective hospital-based matched cohort study

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Absent or Excessive Corpus Luteum Number Is Associated With Altered Maternal Vascular Health in Early Pregnancy

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The superovulated environment, independent of embryo vitrification, results in low birthweight in a mouse model

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Predictive Value of the sFlt-1:PlGF Ratio in Women with Suspected Preeclampsia

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Impact of frozen-thawed single-blastocyst transfer on maternal and neonatal outcome: an analysis of 277,042 single-embryo transfer cycles from 2008 to 2010 in Japan

Osamu Ishihara et al.

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Obstetric outcome in singletons after in vitro fertilization with cryopreserved/thawed embryos

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Placental inflammation and oxidative stress in the mouse model of assisted reproduction

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Patricia Fauque et al.

PLOS ONE (2010)

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Assisted reproduction technologies impair placental steroid metabolism

Abby C. Collier et al.

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