☆ 4.7 Review

Structure-function relationship and impact on the gut-immune barrier function of non-digestible carbohydrates and human milk oligosaccharides applicable for infant formula

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION (2023)

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Review Food Science & Technology

Galacto-oligosaccharides as infant prebiotics: production, application, bioactive activities and future perspectives

Valentina Ambrogi et al.

Summary: Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are non-digestible oligosaccharides with diverse structures that have been extensively studied for their health-promoting effects. GOS have been reported to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, inhibit pathogen adhesion, and improve gut barrier function. However, their industrial production still faces technological challenges.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION (2023)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The intestinal immune system and gut barrier function in obesity and ageing

Sarah J. Shemtov et al.

Summary: Obesity and ageing are associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, including metabolic abnormalities and chronic inflammation. The intestine plays a crucial role in promoting chronic tissue inflammation, and abnormalities in the intestinal mucosal barrier are linked to various inflammatory conditions. The intestinal immune system and barrier function have significant impacts on the pathogenesis of obesity and age-related diseases.

FEBS JOURNAL (2023)

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Review Food Science & Technology

The Preparation and Potential Bioactivities of Modified Pectins: A Review

Xu Jiao et al.

Summary: This article reviews the methods of modifying pectins, including chemical, physical, and enzymatic methods, and evaluates them from the perspective of their basic information, influencing factors, and product identification. Through modification, the bioactivities of pectins have been improved, including their anti-coagulant, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and anti-bacterial activities, as well as their ability to regulate the intestinal environment. Finally, suggestions and perspectives regarding the development of pectin modification are provided.

FOODS (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

The level and distribution of methyl-esters influence the impact of pectin on intestinal T cells, microbiota, and Ahr activation

M. Beukema et al.

Summary: The degree of methyl-esterification and degree-of-blockiness of pectin can influence T cell immunity and microbiota composition, resulting in changes in the frequencies of intestinal T-helper cells and regulatory T cells in mice.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2022)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Gut barrier disruption and chronic disease

Jan Martel et al.

Summary: This article discusses the protective role of the intestinal barrier against gut microbes, food antigens, and toxins, as well as key factors associated with disease development and inflammation. In addition to known intestinal diseases, recent research indicates that intestinal barrier and microbiota dysbiosis may be closely linked to the development of metabolic, autoimmune, and aging-related disorders.

TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Gut microbiota-derived metabolite 3-idoleacetic acid together with LPS induces IL-35+ B cell generation

Xiaomin Su et al.

Summary: This study reveals the regulatory effects of the gut microbiota on IL-35+ cells and finds that IAA and LPS mediate the generation of IL-35(+) B cells through PXR and TLR4.

MICROBIOME (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Host and gut microbial tryptophan metabolism and type 2 diabetes: an integrative analysis of host genetics, diet, gut microbiome and circulating metabolites in cohort studies

Qibin Qi et al.

Summary: The study found positive associations between tryptophan and its metabolites with the risk of type 2 diabetes, while indolepropionate was inversely associated with the risk. Additionally, host genetic variants, dietary factors, gut bacteria, and their interplay related to these type 2 diabetes-related metabolites were identified.

GUT (2022)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Recent developments in microbial production of high-purity galacto-oligosaccharides

Anna Maraz et al.

Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive review on the recent advancements of microbial GOS purification, discussing different purification strategies and their effectiveness in achieving high-purity GOS. The use of selected strains of Kluyveromyces species with high lactose metabolizing activity is found to be a promising method for producing GOS practically free from lactose and monosaccharides.

WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Food for thought! Inulin-type fructans: Does the food matrix matter?

Peter Philip James Jackson et al.

Summary: Food matrices, resulting from interactions between compounds and processing parameters, can affect the structure and bioavailability of potentially beneficial compounds. This review explores whether the food matrix impacts the prebiotic efficacy of inulin-type fructans. The hypothesis is that other ingredients in food may alter the prebiotic effect.

JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS (2022)

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Review Microbiology

Production of Indole and Indole-Related Compounds by the Intestinal Microbiota and Consequences for the Host: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Naouel Tennoune et al.

Summary: The metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota generates various bacterial metabolites, including indole and indole-related compounds produced from tryptophan by specific bacterial species. These compounds have communication effects in the intestinal microbial community and generally beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosa. However, indole is partly metabolized into indoxyl sulfate in the liver, which can aggravate chronic kidney disease and cause endothelial dysfunction. Excessive concentrations of indole also have a negative impact on emotional behavior, while indole-derived co-metabolite isatin can modulate brain function positively or negatively. In addition, bacterial metabolite oxindole has deleterious effects on the central nervous system. The effects of indoxyl sulfate on the central nervous system vary depending on the dose used, with limited information on physiological concentrations.

MICROORGANISMS (2022)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Lactose Differentially Affect Infant Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier In Vitro

Jane Mea Natividad et al.

Summary: The study suggests that the addition of complex HMO mixtures may promote the growth of bifidobacterial communities and protect the intestinal barrier from inflammatory imbalances in infants.

NUTRIENTS (2022)

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Review Microbiology

Structure and function of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut microbiome

R. A. Rastall et al.

Summary: Carbohydrates are one of the essential nutrients in human diet. Digestible carbohydrates provide energy, while non-digestible carbohydrates have an impact on gut microbiota and human physiological systems.

BENEFICIAL MICROBES (2022)

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Review Immunology

Dual Role of Indoles Derived From Intestinal Microbiota on Human Health

Xuewei Ye et al.

Summary: Indoles affect immune system function by activating AhR and PXR receptors, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity to improve intestinal health and promote human health, but also have toxic effects.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Gut Microbiota-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites Maintain Gut and Systemic Homeostasis

Xiaomin Su et al.

Summary: Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, can be metabolized into different metabolites in both the gut microbiota and tissue cells. These metabolites play a critical role in maintaining gut and systematic immunity, and may potentially affect the occurrence and development of various diseases. Understanding the generation and regulation of tryptophan metabolites in the gut microbiota, as well as their role in different immune cells and immunotherapy against immune-associated diseases, is of great importance.

CELLS (2022)

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Article Pediatrics

Infant formulas with synthetic oligosaccharides and respective marketing practices: Position Statement of the German Society for Child and Adolescent Medicine e.V. (DGKJ), Commission for Nutrition

Christoph Buehrer et al.

Summary: Human milk contains a variety of oligosaccharides, which vary in content and composition among individuals. These oligosaccharides are utilized by infants' intestinal bacteria, affecting bacterial composition and metabolism. Maternal secretor status and oligosaccharide content are associated with infection risk in breastfed infants. The safety of adding oligosaccharides to infant formula has been established, but the clinical benefits are still uncertain. Therefore, the use of synthetic oligosaccharides in infant formula is currently not recommended over formulas without additives.

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PEDIATRICS (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structure, controlled release mechanisms and health benefits of pectins as an encapsulation material for bioactive food components

Rocio Morales-Medina et al.

Summary: Pectins have been proposed as emerging broadly applicable encapsulation materials due to their versatility, cost-effectiveness, and ability to be tailored to specific demands, providing health benefits. Insights into the chemical structure and related health benefits of pectins open new avenues for their application in food and feed. Despite the need for further study on factors such as the controlled release of cargo in the intestine and the impact of the pectin production process on its molecular structure, current knowledge indicates that pectins offer many advantages for encapsulation of bioactive food and feed ingredients.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2022)

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The central and biodynamic role of gut microbiota in critically ill patients

Hannah Wozniak et al.

Summary: Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in health and disease. Dysbiosis, characterized by altered composition of the microbiota, can lead to organ failure and impact the progression of critical diseases. Dysbiosis also affects gut integrity and metabolite production.

CRITICAL CARE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Combining galacto-oligosaccharides and 2′-fucosyllactose alters their fermentation kinetics by infant fecal microbiota and influences AhR-receptor dependent cytokine responses in immature dendritic cells

Renate Akkerman et al.

Summary: Combining GOS and 2'-FL accelerates the fermentation of GOS by infant fecal microbiota, while the fermentation digesta of GOS and 2'-FL can attenuate dendritic cell cytokine responses in a similar manner, dependent on the AhR receptor.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Dietary Fiber from Oat and Rye Brans Ameliorate Western Diet-Induced Body Weight Gain and Hepatic Inflammation by the Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Bile Acids, and Tryptophan Metabolism

Zuzanna Maria Kundi et al.

Summary: The study investigates the differences in metabolites produced by gut microbiota in response to supplementation with oat or rye bran, showing that both types of bran can improve metabolic disturbances induced by a western diet through altering gut microbiota composition and modulating produced metabolites.

MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

The impact of the level and distribution of methyl-esters of pectins on TLR2-1 dependent anti-inflammatory responses

M. Beukema et al.

Summary: Research has shown that pectins exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting Toll-like receptor (TLR), and the inhibitory effect depends on the degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and distribution of methyl-esters over the galactumnic-acid (GalA) backbone (Degree of Blockiness - DB). Pectins with high DB and low DM can strongly inhibit TLR2-1, and can also inhibit IL-6 secretion in human macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effects of pectins are attributed to the number and blockwise distribution of non-esterified GalA.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Pectin and homogalacturonan with small molecular mass modulate microbial community and generate high SCFAs via in vitro gut fermentation

Yuanyuan Zhao et al.

Summary: This study found that low-Mw pectin and homogalacturonan produce more beneficial metabolites, leading to the development of the structure-microbiota-gut health relationship.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Indole-3-propionic Acid Improved the Intestinal Barrier by Enhancing Epithelial Barrier and Mucus Barrier

Jiaojiao Li et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) can enhance intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of tight junction and mucin proteins, while decreasing inflammatory factors. This suggests a potential role for gut microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids in improving intestinal barrier integrity.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

The Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in the Context of Infectious Diseases throughout Life and the Role of Nutrition in Optimizing Treatment Strategies

Selma P. Wiertsema et al.

Summary: The immune system plays a crucial role in infectious diseases, with intricate interactions between the gut microbiota and local immune responses. The impact of nutrition on the gut microbiota and immune system is significant for improving health outcomes.

NUTRIENTS (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function by Microbial Metabolites

Sweta Ghosh et al.

Summary: This review discusses the recent advances in understanding the role of gut microbial metabolites in regulating intestinal barrier function. While the mechanisms of action of these metabolites are still being explored, they likely impact gut barrier function through shared pathways. Utilizing beneficial microbiota and their metabolites to restore pathophysiological balance may prove to be a valuable therapeutic tool amidst advancing technology and expanding knowledge.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Review Allergy

The Dietary Fiber Pectin: Health Benefits and Potential for the Treatment of Allergies by Modulation of Gut Microbiota

Frank Blanco-Perez et al.

Summary: The incidence of allergies is increasing and has been associated with environmental factors such as westernized diets. Changes in environment and nutrition can lead to dysbiosis of microbiota, affecting the production of microbial metabolites and potentially causing epigenetic modifications. Studies have shown that pectin, a dietary fiber, may have immunomodulatory effects on allergies by altering gut and lung microbiota, increasing the concentrations of short chain fatty acids, and suppressing inflammatory responses.

CURRENT ALLERGY AND ASTHMA REPORTS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Structural, antioxidant, prebiotic and anti-inflammatory properties of pectic oligosaccharides hydrolyzed from okra pectin by Fenton reaction

Yuen Kwan Yeung et al.

Summary: The study investigated the production of pectic oligosaccharides (POSs) using the Fenton reaction on okra pectin (OP), resulting in POSs with superior antioxidant, prebiotic, and anti-inflammatory activities compared to OP. Among the POSs produced, those with lower molecular weights showed better biological activities.

FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS (2021)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Human Milk Oligosaccharide 3′-GL Improves Influenza-Specific Vaccination Responsiveness and Immunity after Deoxynivalenol Exposure in Preclinical Models

Negisa Seyed Toutounchi et al.

Summary: Dietary intervention with specific mixtures of trans-galactosyl-oligosaccharides (TOS) can attenuate the adverse effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on immune responses and gut homeostasis. The use of TOS improved immune responses, restored immune cell balance, and increased SCFA concentrations in the gut.

NUTRIENTS (2021)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Galacto-oligosaccharides improve barrier function and relieve colonic inflammation via modulating mucosa-associated microbiota composition in lipopolysaccharides-challenged piglets

Ren Gao et al.

Summary: The study revealed that Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) can modulate the composition of colonic mucosa-associated microbiota and improve intestinal function in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-challenged suckling piglets, thus alleviating intestinal inflammation injury.

JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Immunology

Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation

Naschla Gasaly et al.

Summary: The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in supporting the development and function of the gut immune barrier. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators of host-microbial interactions and can regulate inflammation and immune responses.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Immunology

Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Their Effects on the Host and Their Potential as Therapeutic Agents

Anais Rousseaux et al.

Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in breastmilk play a crucial role in promoting beneficial effects on the microbiota, immune system, and epithelial barriers in infants, highlighting their potential as new therapeutic agents, especially in allergy prevention.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Chicory inulin enhances fermentation of 2′-fucosyllactose by infant fecal microbiota and differentially influences immature dendritic cell and T-cell cytokine responses under normal and Th2-polarizing conditions

Renate Akkerman et al.

Summary: The study found that native chicory inulin and 2'-fucosyllactose added to infant formula can promote the growth of Bifidobacterium and have different effects on the immune system under normal and inflammatory-prone conditions.

FOOD & FUNCTION (2021)

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Galactooligosaccharide pretreatment alleviates damage of the intestinal barrier and inflammatory responses in LPS-challenged mice

Geng Wang et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the effects of pure galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on intestinal barrier function, inflammatory responses, and short-chain fatty acid production in mice. The results demonstrated that GOS could protect intestinal health by attenuating intestinal barrier damage, reducing inflammation, and promoting SCFA production in the colon.

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Human Milk Oligosaccharides Differently Modulate Goblet Cells Under Homeostatic, Proinflammatory Conditions and ER Stress

Lianghui Cheng et al.

MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (2020)

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Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Health Benefits, Potential Applications in Infant Formulas, and Pharmacology

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Inulin with different degrees of polymerization protects against diet-induced endotoxemia and inflammation in association with gut microbiota regulation in mice

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Comparison of the prebiotic properties of native chicory and synthetic inulins using swine fecal cultures

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Veronica Ayechu-Muruzabal et al.

FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS (2018)

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Review Immunology

Tight Junction in the Intestinal Epithelium: Its Association with Diseases and Regulation by Phytochemicals

Bonggi Lee et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2018)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The role of the gut microbiota on animal model reproducibility

Patricia V. Turner

ANIMAL MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2018)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Characterizing microbiota-independent effects of oligosaccharides on intestinal epithelial cells: insight into the role of structure and size

Peyman Akbari et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2017)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Microbiota metabolite short chain fatty acids, GPCR, and inflammatory bowel diseases

Mingming Sun et al.

JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2017)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Human Milk Oligosaccharides Influence Intestinal Epithelial Cell Maturation In Vitro

Hannah D. Holscher et al.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION (2017)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Effects of Infant Formula With Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Growth and Morbidity: A Randomized Multicenter Trial

Giuseppe Puccio et al.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION (2017)

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Review Microbiology

The First Microbial Colonizers of the Human Gut: Composition, Activities, and Health Implications of the Infant Gut Microbiota

Christian Milani et al.

MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS (2017)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Specific inulin-type fructan fibers protect against autoimmune diabetes by modulating gut immunity, barrier function, and microbiota homeostasis

Kang Chen et al.

MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (2017)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The intestinal barrier: a fundamental role in health and disease

Maaike Vancamelbeke et al.

EXPERT REVIEW OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2017)

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Article Immunology

β2→1-Fructans Modulate the immune system In Vivo in a Microbiota-Dependent and -Independent Fashion

Floris Fransen et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Fast preparation of RG-I enriched ultra-low molecular weight pectin by an ultrasound accelerated Fenton process

Zijian Zhi et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2017)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease

Yuichiro Yamashiro

ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2017)

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Article Microbiology

Inulin with different degrees of polymerization modulates composition of intestinal microbiota in mice

Limeng Zhu et al.

FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS (2017)

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Article Microbiology

Indoleacrylic Acid Produced by Commensal Peptostreptococcus Species Suppresses Inflammation

Marta Wlodarska et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2017)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Introduction to the human gut microbiota

Elizabeth Thursby et al.

BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (2017)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

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Na Shi et al.

MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH (2017)

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Article Immunology

The lymph nodes draining the small intestine and colon are anatomically separate and immunologically distinct

S. A. Houston et al.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

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Article Immunology

Foxp3+ T cells expressing RORγt represent a stable regulatory T-cell effector lineage with enhanced suppressive capacity during intestinal inflammation

B-H Yang et al.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human DC-SIGN binds specific human milk glycans

Alexander J. Noll et al.

BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (2016)

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Review Immunology

Peyer's patches: organizing B-cell responses at the intestinal frontier

Andrea Reboldi et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2016)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Similar to Those Who Are Breastfed, Infants Fed a Formula Containing 2′-Fucosyllactose Have Lower Inflammatory Cytokines in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Karen C. Goehring et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2016)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Nondigestible Fructans Alter Gastrointestinal Barrier Function, Gene Expression, Histomorphology, and the Microbiota Profiles of Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice

Tzu-Wen Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2016)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Synthesis and purification of galacto-oligosaccharides: state of the art

Carlos Vera et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY (2016)

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Article Food Science & Technology

The impact of lemon pectin characteristics on TLR activation and T84 intestinal epithelial cell barrier function

Leonie M. Vogt et al.

JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS (2016)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Human Intestinal Barrier Function in Health and Disease

Julia Konig et al.

CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL GASTROENTEROLOGY (2016)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mucins: A biologically relevant glycan barrier in mucosal protection

Anthony P. Corfield

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS (2015)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Infants Fed a Lower Calorie Formula With 2′FL Show Growth and 2′FL Uptake Like Breast-Fed Infants

Barbara J. Marriage et al.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION (2015)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Resistant starches differentially stimulate Toll-like receptors and attenuate proinflammatory cytokines in dendritic cells by modulation of intestinal epithelial cells

Miriam Bermudez-Brito et al.

MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (2015)

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Article Food Science & Technology

The impact of dietary fibers on dendritic cell responses in vitro is dependent on the differential effects of the fibers on intestinal epithelial cells

Miriam Bermudez-Brito et al.

MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (2015)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Role of the normal gut microbiota

Sai Manasa Jandhyala et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2015)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Influences of structures of galactooligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides on the fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota

Wei Li et al.

JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS (2015)

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Article Immunology

Impact of Kefir Derived Lactobacillus kefiri on the Mucosal Immune Response and Gut Microbiota

P. Carasi et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2015)

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Review Food Science & Technology

Immunological Properties of Inulin-Type Fructans

Leonie Vogt et al.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION (2015)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Roles and regulation of the mucus barrier in the gut

Steve Cornick et al.

TISSUE BARRIERS (2015)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Breast Milk Oligosaccharides: Structure-Function Relationships in the Neonate

Jennifer T. Smilowitz et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION, VOL 34 (2014)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intestinal permeability - a new target for disease prevention and therapy

Stephan C. Bischoff et al.

BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Meta-analyses of human gut microbes associated with obesity and IBD

William A. Walters et al.

FEBS LETTERS (2014)

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Article Immunology

Symbiotic Bacterial Metabolites Regulate Gastrointestinal Barrier Function via the Xenobiotic Sensor PXR and Toll-like Receptor 4

Madhukumar Venkatesh et al.

IMMUNITY (2014)

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Article Immunology

Activation of Gpr109a, Receptor for Niacin and the Commensal Metabolite Butyrate, Suppresses Colonic Inflammation and Carcinogenesis

Nagendra Singh et al.

IMMUNITY (2014)

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Review Immunology

The mucus and mucins of the goblet cells and enterocytes provide the first defense line of the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the immune system

Thaher Pelaseyed et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2014)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Toll-Like Receptor 2 Activation by β2→1-Fructans Protects Barrier Function of T84 Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells in a Chain Length-Dependent Manner

Leonie M. Vogt et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2014)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Human Milk Oligosaccharides Influence Maturation of Human Intestinal Caco-2Bbe and HT-29 Cell Lines

Hannah D. Holscher et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis

Aurelien Trompette et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2014)

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Article Rheumatology

Mucosal Immune Responses to Microbiota in the Development of Autoimmune Disease

Kristine A. Kuhn et al.

RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2014)

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Review Immunology

Regional specialization within the intestinal immune system

Allan M. Mowat et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

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Review Immunology

Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune homeostasis

Lance W. Peterson et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Initial Intestinal Colonization in the Human Infant and Immune Homeostasis

W. Allan Walker

ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2013)

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Review Physiology

Paneth Cells: Maestros of the Small Intestinal Crypts

Hans C. Clevers et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY, VOL 75 (2013)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Utilization of major fucosylated and sialylated human milk oligosaccharides by isolated human gut microbes

Zhuo-Teng Yu et al.

GLYCOBIOLOGY (2013)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

G Protein-Coupled Receptor 43 Moderates Gut Inflammation Through Cytokine Regulation from Mononuclear Cells

Ryuta Masui et al.

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (2013)

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Review Immunology

Microfold (M) cells: important immunosurveillance posts in the intestinal epithelium

N. A. Mabbott et al.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2013)

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Article Pediatrics

Human Milk Composition Nutrients and Bioactive Factors

Olivia Ballard et al.

PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2013)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Modulation of intestinal barrier by intestinal microbiota: Pathological and therapeutic implications

Jane M. M. Natividad et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis

Patrick M. Smith et al.

SCIENCE (2013)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Extraction, characterization and spontaneous gel-forming property of pectin from creeping fig (Ficus pumila Linn.) seeds

Rui-hong Liang et al.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2012)

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Review Immunology

The developing human preterm neonatal immune system: A case for more research in this area

Ashish Arunkumar Sharma et al.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2012)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human milk oligosaccharides: Every baby needs a sugar mama

Lars Bode

GLYCOBIOLOGY (2012)

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Article Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science

Chain length of inulin affects its degradation and the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of weaned piglets after a short-term dietary application

Nadine Passlack et al.

LIVESTOCK SCIENCE (2012)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Goblet cells deliver luminal antigen to CD103+ dendritic cells in the small intestine

Jeremiah R. McDole et al.

NATURE (2012)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Structure-Function Relationships of Human Milk Oligosaccharides

Lars Bode et al.

ADVANCES IN NUTRITION (2012)

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Article Pediatrics

The effect of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides on stool viscosity, stool frequency and stool pH in preterm infants

E. A. M. Westerbeek et al.

ACTA PAEDIATRICA (2011)

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Review Obstetrics & Gynecology

Innate immunity in human newborn infants: prematurity means more than immaturity

Tobias Strunk et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE (2011)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Regulation of Tight Junction Permeability by Intestinal Bacteria and Dietary Components

Dulantha Ulluwishewa et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2011)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Neutral and acidic oligosaccharides in preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Elisabeth A. M. Westerbeek et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION (2010)

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Article Pediatrics

Breast Milk as the Gold Standard for Protective Nutrients

Allan Walker

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS (2010)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Safety evaluation of pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS): Genotoxicity and sub-chronic studies

Jossie A. Garthoff et al.

REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY (2010)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Barrier properties of mucus

Richard A. Cone

ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS (2009)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tight Junctions Molecular Structure Meets Function

Joerg-Dieter Schulzke et al.

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE TIGHT JUNCTION: FROM BASIC MECHANISMS TO CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS (2009)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The regulation of intestinal mucin MUC2 expression by short-chain fatty acids: implications for epithelial protection

Nanda Burger-van Paassen et al.

BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (2009)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43

Kendle M. Maslowski et al.

NATURE (2009)

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Review Microbiology

OPINION Do symbiotic bacteria subvert host immunity?

Lora V. Hooper

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2009)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Siglecs as targets for therapy in immune-cell-mediated disease

Mary K. O'Reilly et al.

TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2009)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mammalian galectins: Structure, carbohydrate specificity, and functions

E. M. Rapoport et al.

BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW (2008)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Desmosome structure, composition and function

David Garrod et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES (2008)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Physiological concentrations of short-chain fatty acids immediately suppress colonic epithelial permeability

Takuya Suzuki et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2008)

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Letter Immunology

Tissue distribution of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the role of the gut

Reinhard Pabst et al.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2008)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Review article: the role of butyrate on colonic function

H. M. Hamer et al.

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2008)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Pediatric applications of inulin and oligofructose

Gigi Veereman

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2007)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Inulin-type fructans: Functional food ingredients

Marcel B. Roberfroid

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2007)

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Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Glycoprofiling of bifidobacterial consumption of human milk oligosaccharides demonstrates strain specific, preferential consumption of small chain glycans secreted in early human lactation

Riccardo G. Locascio et al.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2007)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Understanding the effects of diet on bacterial metabolism in the large intestine

P. Louis et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY (2007)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Muc2-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis, indicating that Muc2 is critical for colonic protection

Maria Van der Sluis et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2006)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The gut flora as a forgotten organ

Ann M. O'Hara et al.

EMBO REPORTS (2006)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Bifidogenic effects of solid weaning foods with added prebiotic oligosaccharides: A randomised controlled clinical trial

Petra A. M. J. Scholtens et al.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION (2006)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Acidic oligosaccharides from pectin hydrolysate as new component for infant formulae: Effect on intestinal flora, stool characteristics, and pH

S Fanaro et al.

JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION (2005)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural organization of gap junction channels

GE Sosinsky et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES (2005)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The role of Paneth cells and their antimicrobial peptides in innate host defense

T Ayabe et al.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2004)

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Article Immunology

Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria

M Rescigno et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2001)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Utilisation of galacto-oligosaccharides as selective substrates for growth by lactic acid bacteria including Bifidobacterium lactis DR10 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus DR20

PK Gopal et al.

INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL (2001)

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