Near infrared fluorescent probes for detecting and imaging active small molecules

Near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes have the advantages of low background interference, strong tissue penetration and small tissue damage. Many fluorescent dyes, such as BODIPY, cyanine, rhodamine and coumarin, have been used as fluorophores to design NIR fluorescent probes. Over the past few decades, scientists have reported a large number of NIR fluorescent probes based on different design principles. This paper summarizes and discusses the types and properties of fluorophores designed for NIR fluores-cent probes. It also discusses the latest research achievements in the detection and imaging of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen and active sulfur in cells or in vivo. In addition, based on existing research, a concise brief introduction to the future development of NIR molecular fluorescence probes is proposed, which provides a reference for the current research direction.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes have advantageous features including low background interference, strong tissue penetration, and minimal tissue damage. This paper provides a summary and discussion on the various types and properties of fluorophores used in the design of NIR fluorescent probes. It also discusses the latest research achievements in detecting and imaging reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen, and active sulfur in cells or in vivo. Additionally, a concise overview of the future development of NIR molecular fluorescence probes is proposed based on existing research, offering a reference for current research directions.