Metal-organic framework-derived transition metal chalcogenides (S, Se, and Te): Challenges, recent progress, and future directions in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems

Metal-organic framework (MOF) is one of the well-investigated nanomaterials with favorable properties exhibiting high surface area and tailorable porosity. In energy storage systems, MOFs have been highly anticipated as templates to obtain the desired properties of MOF-based nanomaterials. Such products of MOF-derived porous carbon, metal/metal oxide, and metal/metal oxide@C have shown exemplary per-formance in electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the growing studies of MOF-inspired derivation into the chalcogenide group of sulfide, selenide, and telluride have not fully been explored. This review reports the development of MOFs from their initial pristine state to their highly functional-ized MOF-derived forms. Particularly, we report the current methodologies and challenges for obtaining MOF-derived transition metal chalcogenides (TMC representing S, Se, and Te). Such advantages of MOF-derived TMC are then explored in electrochemical applications including batteries (lithium-ion, sodium -ion, and potassium-ion), supercapacitors, and electrocatalysis (hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction). The review concludes by addressing the challenges and future perspectives of MOF toward its commercialization in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are well-investigated nanomaterials with high surface area and customizable porosity. They are used as templates to achieve desired properties in MOF-based nanomaterials for energy storage systems. MOF-derived materials such as porous carbon, metal/metal oxide, and metal/metal oxide@C have shown excellent performance in electrochemical energy storage devices. However, there is a lack of exploration in the derivation of MOFs into chalcogenide compounds like sulfides, selenides, and tellurides. This review discusses the development and challenges of MOFs in obtaining MOF-derived transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) and explores their applications in batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalysis.