Advances in the Synthesis of Halide Perovskite Single Crystals for Optoelectronic Applications

Perovskite materials have attracted much attention in various optoelectronics applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors. Compared to multicrystalline films, single crystal perovskites are free of grain boundaries and exhibit lower defect density, longer carrier lifetimes, longer carrier diffusion distances, and outstanding stability, thus having the potential to show superior performances in optoelectronic devices. In addition, single crystal nanostructures are ideal model systems for studying the fundamental optoelectronic properties of newly designed functional materials. This review provides a thorough introduction to the fundamental theories behind crystal nucleation and growth. In addition, we provide an in-depth analysis of the application of classic ideas to the experimental formation of perovskite crystals including inorganic and hybrid halide perovskites with low-dimensional and three-dimensional structures. Subsequently, we correlate the crystal structure and optoelectronic properties and summarize the recent advances in the application of perovskite single crystals in various optoelectronic devices. Finally, we discuss the ongoing challenges in single crystal growth and the emerging optoelectronic applications. This review will serve as a valuable resource for future studies on the synthesis and uses of perovskite single crystals.

Automated summary

Perovskite materials have garnered significant attention for their applications in optoelectronics such as solar cells, LEDs, and photodetectors. Single crystal perovskites, with their absence of grain boundaries and lower defect density, exhibit enhanced performance and stability in optoelectronic devices. Additionally, single crystal nanostructures serve as ideal models for studying the fundamental properties of functional materials. This review comprehensively discusses the theories of crystal nucleation and growth, explores the formation of perovskite crystals, and summarizes recent advancements in their application across various optoelectronic devices.