Galangin as an inflammatory response modulator: An updated overview and therapeutic potential

Numerous chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and gastrointestinal disorders, all have an inflammation-based etiology. In cellular and animal models of inflammation, flavonols were used to show potent anti-inflammatory activity. The flavonols enhanced the synthesis of the antiinflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and reduced the synthesis of the prostaglandins IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-1. Galangin (GAL), a natural flavonol, has a strong ability to control apoptosis and inflammation. GAL was discovered to suppress extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappa B)p65 phosphorylation, which results in anti-inflammatory actions. Arthritis, inflammatory bronchitis, stroke, and cognitive dysfunction have all been treated with GAL. The current review aimed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of GAL and their protective effects in treating various chronic illnesses, including those of the heart, brain, skin, lungs, liver, and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Automated summary

Numerous chronic diseases are caused by inflammation, and flavonols have shown potent anti-inflammatory properties in various models. The natural flavonol galangin (GAL) has the ability to control apoptosis and inflammation by suppressing ERK and NF-kappa Bp65 phosphorylation. GAL has been used to treat arthritis, inflammatory bronchitis, stroke, and cognitive dysfunction. This review aims to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of GAL and its protective effects in the treatment of various chronic illnesses.