☆ 4.8 Review

Enzymes? Power for Plastics Degradation

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2023)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Microbial enzymes will offer limited solutions to the global plastic pollution crisis

Jennifer Chow et al.

Summary: Global economies heavily rely on fossil-fuel-based polymers, but a significant amount of these synthetic polymers are disposed into the environment. Over the past decade, microbiologists have been searching for enzymes that can degrade plastic, but there have been limited success in finding functional biocatalysts for most plastics. The main challenge now is to identify enzymes that can target the majority of fossil-fuel-based plastics. This emerging research field is still in its infancy.

MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Structure-function analysis of two closely related cutinases from Thermobifida cellulosilytica

Jenny Arnling Baath et al.

Summary: This study rigorously characterized two almost identical cutinases and demonstrated that even minor sequence differences in cutinases can drastically affect their substrate binding, substrate specificity, and catalytic efficiency.

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Long-term effect of plastic feeding on growth and transcriptomic response of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.)

Zheng Zhong et al.

Summary: The research demonstrates the capability of mealworms to degrade some plastics through ingestion and digestion facilitated by gut bacteria. Plastic consumption is negatively correlated with plastic crystallinity. Mealworms act as downstream decomposers in plastic depolymerization by producing extracellular depolymerases for plastic degradation.

CHEMOSPHERE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Comparative Performance of PETase as a Function of Reaction Conditions, Substrate Properties, and Product Accumulation

Erika Erickson et al.

Summary: This study compares the performance of two types of PET-hydrolyzing enzymes and finds that reaction temperature has the strongest influence on their performance. Both enzymes achieve higher levels of PET conversion for substrates with moderate crystallinity, and show different inhibition profiles to product accumulation.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Engineering and evaluation of thermostable IsPETase variants for PET degradation

Stefan Brott et al.

Summary: In this study, a mutant library of a thermostable triple mutant (TM) of IsPETase was generated using error-prone PCR, resulting in the discovery of four more thermostable IsPETase variants when screened against Impranil DLN W 50. The most promising variant IsPETaseTM(K95N/F201I) exhibited a 5.0 degrees C higher melting point than IsPETaseTM, making it a more active PET hydrolase at higher reaction temperatures up to 60 degrees C. Thermostability was highlighted as a crucial characteristic for an effective PET hydrolase based on the findings.

ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Computational biotransformation of polyethylene terephthalate by depolymerase: A QM/MM approach

Mingna Zheng et al.

Summary: Four concerted steps are needed to complete the catalytic cycle of PET biotransformation by leaf-branch compost cutinase (LCC), with deacylation identified as the rate-determining step. Unprecedented fluctuations of hydrogen bond length were observed during LCC catalyzed transformation process toward PET, indicating a potential widespread phenomenon in enzymes containing catalytic triads. Possible features influencing the catalytic reaction were identified, establishing correlations between activation energies and key features.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Kinetic Modeling of the Post-consumer Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Cutinase from Humicola insolens

Erika de Queiros Eugenio et al.

Summary: The study evaluated a kinetic model for the enzymatic hydrolysis of PC-PET using HiC as a catalyst, showing that HiC is not inhibited by major PET hydrolysis products. The experimental data fit well with the kinetic model, validating its use in describing the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The study also provided reliable parameters for the enzymatic hydrolysis, demonstrating the potential of HiC as a biocatalyst for PC-PET degradation in a circular economy.

JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Trends in Polymer Degradation Across All Scales

Juliet Veskova et al.

Summary: The development of sustainable plastic materials requires conscious resource management, waste recovery frameworks, and social change. However, controlling polymer degradation remains a key challenge, and strategies need to be developed and studied at the material, domain, and molecular levels.

MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

The metabolic potential of plastics as biotechnological carbon sources-Review and targets for the future

Till Tiso et al.

Summary: The plastic crisis demands drastic measures, especially for the end-of-life of plastics. Microbial metabolism offers new possibilities for the recycling of mixed plastic fractions. By degrading plastics into oligo- and monomers, these carbon sources can be utilized in biotechnology to transform plastic waste into valuable products like bioplastics and biosurfactants. The study presents well-known monomer degradation pathways and calculates the potential replacement scenarios for existing fossil-based synthesis routes. The findings highlight the attractiveness of plastic monomers as alternative carbon sources for fossil-based products.

METABOLIC ENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Plastics degradation by hydrolytic enzymes: The plastics-active enzymes database-PAZy

Patrick C. F. Buchholz et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the current known enzymes that act on PET and PUR plastics, and integrates their activity data into a comprehensive database. Through analysis of homologs and conservation, common features of these active enzymes are identified.

PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Degradation of UV-pretreated polyolefins by latex clearing protein from Streptomyces sp. Strain K30

Hui Zhang et al.

Summary: The study found that latex clearing protein can effectively degrade UV-oxidized polyethylene and polypropylene, with no significant effects on polystyrene. The treated samples showed more cracks and pits, as well as a decrease in molecular weight.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2022)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Enzyme discovery and engineering for sustainable plastic recycling

Baotong Zhu et al.

Summary: The increasing amount of plastic waste is causing an environmental crisis, requiring innovative technologies for recycling. Biocatalytic depolymerization mediated by enzymes is an efficient and sustainable method for plastic treatment, with protein engineering used to optimize enzyme performance.

TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Substrate-Binding Mode of a Thermophilic PET Hydrolase and Engineering the Enzyme to Enhance the Hydrolytic Efficacy

Wei Zeng et al.

Summary: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely produced plastic with high accumulation of PET wastes posing a serious threat to the ecosystem. The application of PET hydrolytic enzymes to manage PET pollution requires more effective enzymes. A thermostable cutinase called ICCG has shown to be the most effective PET hydrolase reported so far. The crystal structure of ICCG in complex with PET analogue provides insights into the enzyme-substrate interaction network and structure-based engineering has generated variants with improved efficacy and stability. These findings are valuable for understanding the mechanism of thermostable PET hydrolytic enzymes and developing PET biodegradation platforms.

ACS CATALYSIS (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Cutinase-Catalyzed Polyester-Polyurethane Degradation: Elucidation of the Hydrolysis Mechanism

Federico Di Bisceglie et al.

Summary: Polyurethanes are widely used synthetic polymers in Europe, and their recycling poses a major challenge for the industry. This study investigated the enzymatic hydrolysis of a polyurethane-polyester copolymer to achieve decomposition under milder conditions. The results showed that the enzyme effectively hydrolysed the polymer and reduced its molecular weight, indicating the potential for environmentally friendly recycling strategies.

POLYMERS (2022)

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Article Microbiology

The Bacteroidetes Aequorivita sp. and Kaistella jeonii Produce Promiscuous Esterases With PET-Hydrolyzing Activity

Hongli Zhang et al.

Summary: This article reports the first functional PET-active enzymes from the Bacteroidetes phylum and describes the depolymerization ability of two promiscuous and cold-active esterases on polycaprolactone, amorphous PET foil, and polyester polyurethane. The crystal structure and microscopic analysis reveal the potential of these enzymes in PET degradation, suggesting their importance in aquatic habitats across different global climate zones.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Computational design of a cutinase for plastic biodegradation by mining molecular dynamics simulations trajectories

Qingbin Li et al.

Summary: This study developed a computational approach using machine learning methods to design variants with enhanced protein thermal stability by mining molecular dynamics simulation trajectories. The optimal variant showed a significant increase in PET degradation efficiency, which can contribute to improving plastic recycling and sustainability in high-temperature environments.

COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Current Advances in the Biodegradation and Bioconversion of Polyethylene Terephthalate

Xinhua Qi et al.

Summary: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used plastic and its biodegradation and bioconversion have become important in addressing environmental plastic pollution. This review summarizes the advances in modified PET hydrolases, engineered microbial chassis, bioconversion pathways of PET monomers, and artificial microbial consortia in PET biodegradation and bioconversion.

MICROORGANISMS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Low Carbon Footprint Recycling of Post-Consumer PET Plastic with a Metagenomic Polyester Hydrolase

Christian Sonnendecker et al.

Summary: Enzyme-based hydrolysis is a promising strategy for sustainable recycling of plastics. A study found that the enzyme PHL7 can completely degrade plastics and the products can be used to synthesize new plastics.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Hydrocarbon-based plastics: Progress and perspectives on consumption and biodegradation by insect larvae

Andressa F. Pivato et al.

Summary: There is a significant contrast between the durability and consumption of plastic products, leading to the deposition of at least 100 million tons of plastics in nature each year. Insect larvae have been found to have higher potential for biodegrading different types of plastics, especially lepidopteran larvae for polyethylene (PE) and coleopteran larvae for polystyrene (PS). The biodegradation of plastic by insects is dependent on microbial activity.

CHEMOSPHERE (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Enhancement of PET biodegradation by anchor peptide-cutinase fusion protein

Zhanzhi Liu et al.

Summary: The problem of PET waste has become a serious threat to the ecosystem. PET enzymatic biodegradation, using cutinase with fused PET binding domains, demonstrates a promising strategy to enhance PET degradation activity.

ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Recent advances in plastic degradation - From microbial consortia-based methods to data sciences and computational biology driven approaches

Sinosh Skariyachan et al.

Summary: Microbiological-based approaches, such as using microbial consortia or cocultures, are cost-effective and eco-friendly methods for managing plastic wastes. Screening new plastic degrading microorganisms, formulating microbial consortia, and utilizing their enzymes play a significant role in plastic waste management. Additionally, advancements in computational biology and bioinformatics are crucial for understanding the molecular basis of enzymatic degradation of plastic polymers by microorganisms.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

A marine fungus Alternaria alternata FB1 efficiently degrades polyethylene

Rongrong Gao et al.

Summary: Huge quantities of plastic wastes pose serious ecological problems and impact global carbon cycling. Researchers have successfully isolated a fungus named Alternaria alternata FB1 from plastic waste samples, which showed remarkable degradation capabilities on polyethylene (PE) film. This discovery provides a promising candidate for further investigation of degradation mechanisms and development of biodegradable products.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2022)

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Review Polymer Science

Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy

Carl G. Schirmeister et al.

Summary: Plastics are widely used in everyday life and have become crucial for sustainable development. However, the increasing demand for plastics has led to a surge in plastic debris in the environment. Transitioning to a circular plastic economy through reuse, recycling, and carbon capture is vital for the future. Biodegradation and molecular recycling offer potential solutions to tackle plastic waste.

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Machine learning-aided engineering of hydrolases for PET depolymerization

Hongyuan Lu et al.

Summary: Plastic waste is an ecological challenge, and enzymatic degradation offers a potentially green and scalable route for plastic recycling. Engineered PETase shows superior activity in hydrolyzing postconsumer PET, and a closed-loop recycling process is demonstrated.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Critical advances and future opportunities in upcycling commodity polymers

Coralie Jehanno et al.

Summary: The majority of plastic waste is not degraded, leading to permanent pollution. Chemical recycling and upcycling provide new opportunities for sustainable plastic economy.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Conformational Selection in Biocatalytic Plastic Degradation by PETase

Boyang Guo et al.

Summary: In the biodegradation of plastics, the conformational selection of enzymes and substrates plays a crucial role. Studies utilizing molecular dynamics simulations and experimental validation have shown that enzyme engineering can alter enzyme conformation, affecting its binding capability with substrates. Matching enzyme and substrate conformations can enhance the efficiency of plastic hydrolysis.

ACS CATALYSIS (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Rational Design of Chemical Catalysis for Plastic Recycling

Mingyu Chu et al.

Summary: This article highlights the urgent need for a deep understanding of the relationship between polymer structure and recycling performance in order to combat the global environmental crisis caused by plastic pollution. It discusses the development and challenges of chemical re/upcycling of waste PET and polyolefins, as well as prospects for innovations in catalyst synthesis and reaction engineering. The article concludes with a brief perspective on the future of plastic re/upcycling.

ACS CATALYSIS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Mechanism-Based Design of Efficient PET Hydrolases

Ren Wei et al.

Summary: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used synthetic polyester in textile fibers and packaging materials, which contributes significantly to global solid waste and environmental plastic pollution. Enzymatic PET recycling and upcycling have emerged as potential solutions, but there are limitations such as unbalanced enzyme-substrate interactions, limited thermostability, low catalytic efficiency at high temperatures, and inhibition by degradation intermediates. Protein engineering has been successful in addressing these limitations and can be applied to other mass-produced polymer types for biotechnological waste disposal.

ACS CATALYSIS (2022)

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Article Biophysics

An NMR look at an engineered PET depolymerase

Cyril Charlier et al.

Summary: Plastic environmental pollution is a major issue. Plastic recycling and degrading enzymes can play an important role in the circular economy.

BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Influence of substrate crystallinity and glass transition temperature on enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Thore Bach Thomsen et al.

Summary: This work investigates the importance of the degree of crystallinity and glass transition temperature of PET on enzymatic degradation at elevated temperatures. The results show that the crystallinity affects the enzymatic product release rate, and different enzymes exhibit different activities at varying degrees of crystallinity. In addition, thermal annealing and water soaking have an impact on the properties of PET. These findings contribute to a better understanding of enzymatic PET degradation and the development of PET upcycling processes.

NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Multiple Substrate Binding Mode-Guided Engineering of a Thermophilic PET Hydrolase

Lara Pfaff et al.

Summary: Thermophilic polyester hydrolases (PES-H) play a crucial role in the biocatalytic recycling of synthetic polyester polyethylene terephthalate (PET). By studying the crystal structures of two enzymes derived from metagenomes, researchers gained insights into the mechanism of enzymatic PET hydrolysis. Mutations in key residues resulted in improved hydrolytic activity of certain variants, making them potential candidates for industrial plastic recycling processes.

ACS CATALYSIS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Particle Size Reduction of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Increases the Rate of Enzymatic Depolymerization But Does Not Increase the Overall Conversion Extent

Richard K. Brizendine et al.

Summary: Enzymatic depolymerization of PET is a potential method for PET recycling, but extensive thermomechanical preprocessing is often conducted. In this study, the effect of PET particle size and crystallinity on the performance of a specific enzyme was investigated using different types of PET. The results show that particle size reduction can increase the reaction rate for high-crystallinity PET, but has little effect on the overall conversion extent. Amorphization of PET is necessary for enzymatic PET recycling, while particle size reduction may not be required.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Stages and Kinetics of Mechanochemical Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) with Sodium Hydroxide

Andrew W. Tricker et al.

Summary: In this study, depolymerization of PET using mechanochemical hydrolysis was investigated. The results showed that the monomer yield of PET increased linearly with milling time, while the molecular weight decreased slightly. The influence of ball-to-powder mass ratio and milling frequency on depolymerization was also studied.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Insights into plastic biodegradation: community composition and functional capabilities of the superworm (Zophobas morio) microbiome in styrofoam feeding trials

Jiarui Sun et al.

Summary: The study examined the impact of feeding superworms on polystyrene, bran, or under starvation conditions on their gut microbiome. It was found that polystyrene feeding led to reduced microbial diversity, presence of pathogens, and negative impacts on host health. Recovered metagenome-assembled genomes linked specific bacteria genera such as Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Corynebacterium to polystyrene degradation.

MICROBIAL GENOMICS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Directed evolution of an efficient and thermostable PET depolymerase

Elizabeth L. Bell et al.

Summary: The recent discovery of IsPETase, a hydrolytic enzyme that can degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET), has sparked interest in using biocatalytic approaches to recycle plastics. In this study, we describe an automated, high-throughput directed evolution platform for engineering polymer degrading enzymes. By applying catalytic activity under elevated temperatures, a thermostable IsPETase variant (HotPETase) was successfully engineered to operate at the industrial processing temperature of PET. This HotPETase enzyme showed improved efficiency in degrading PET compared to previously reported enzymes and could selectively breakdown the PET component of multi-materials.

NATURE CATALYSIS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mixed plastics waste valorization through tandem chemical oxidation and biological funneling

Kevin P. Sullivan et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates a strategy for the selective conversion of mixed plastics waste into valuable chemical products by using metal-catalyzed autoxidation to depolymerize the plastics into oxygenated small molecules, and then genetically engineering bacteria to convert these molecules into a single chemical product.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Recycling plastic using a hybrid process

Ning Yan

SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Wax worm saliva and the enzymes therein are the key to polyethylene degradation by Galleria mellonella

A. Sanluis-Verdes et al.

Summary: The saliva of wax worms has the ability to oxidize and depolymerize polyethylene, providing a potential solution for biodegradation of plastic waste.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Chemical recycling of bioplastics: technical opportunities to preserve chemical functionality as path towards a circular economy

Angel L. Merchan et al.

Summary: Plastics have become an integral part of life and pose major environmental challenges. The circular economy aims to address this by utilizing plastic residues as valuable raw materials. Biomass-based bioplastics offer the potential for closed carbon cycles, but their increasing market penetration requires appropriate recycling technologies. This minireview summarizes current knowledge on the recycling of novel biomass-based bioplastics and highlights the importance of maintaining chemical functionality. Available methodologies for thermal, chemo-catalytic, and bio-catalytic recycling are discussed, along with insights from LCA studies. The review emphasizes the need for viable technologies for chemical recycling in the growing field of biomass-based plastics.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Sabatier Principle for Rationalizing Enzymatic Hydrolysis of a Synthetic Polyester

Jenny Arnling Baath et al.

Summary: Investigated the kinetics of two PET hydrolases at different concentrations of CTAB and found that CTAB consistently lowered the strength of enzyme-PET interactions. The effect of CTAB on enzymatic turnover was biphasic, with initial promotion and subsequent suppression. The correlation with maximal turnover at an intermediate binding strength was in accordance with the Sabatier principle. Suggested that future discovery efforts should consider enzymes with weakened substrate binding due to their limiting effect on catalytic performance.

JACS AU (2022)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Lactide: Production Routes, Properties, and Applications

Bruna L. C. Cunha et al.

Summary: Lactide dimer is an important monomer used for the synthesis of high molar mass poly(lactic acid) (PLA). However, its synthesis process is time-consuming and expensive, leading to the high cost of high purity lactide in the market. Currently, there is limited research on the synthesis of lactide, but it finds wide applications in medical, drug delivery, and packaging industries.

BIOENGINEERING-BASEL (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Recent Advances in Biological Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Wastes

Ya-Hue Valerie Soong et al.

Summary: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a commonly used polyester plastic, but it is difficult to degrade in the natural environment. PET plastic is cheap, lightweight, and durable, but the increased production of plastic products has had negative environmental impacts. The long-term presence of PET waste poses serious threats to ecosystems, food safety, and human health. Recycling is an important action to reduce these impacts. This review discusses current PET recycling methods to improve waste management and reduce plastic pollution's impact on health and the environment.

BIOENGINEERING-BASEL (2022)

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Article Mathematical & Computational Biology

PlasticDB: a database of microorganisms and proteins linked to plastic biodegradation

Victor Gambarini et al.

Summary: The PlasticDB web application is a database that contains information on microorganisms and proteins reported to degrade plastics, and it also provides analytical tools for users to analyze their own datasets.

DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Fungal Hydrophobin RolA Enhanced PETase Hydrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate

Nathania Puspitasari et al.

Summary: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a well-known polyester used as packaging material, and PETase has emerged as a potential biocatalyst for degrading PET. The presence of hydrophobin RolA significantly increased the rate of PETase hydrolysis, while enhancing the hydrolysis of PET bottles. This study suggests that RolA's wetting effect on the PET surface may convert PET to become hydrophilic, making it easier for PETase to contact and attack the surface.

APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Draft Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strain PE591, a Polyethylene-Degrading Bacterium Isolated from Savanna Soil

Tayna Diniz Frederico et al.

Summary: The genome sequence of a polyethylene-degrading bacterial strain, identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain PE591, was reported. The genome was assembled in 16 scaffolds with a length of 4,751,236 bp, a GC content of 66.5%, and contained 4,432 predicted genes.

MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Multiple structural states of Ca2+-regulated PET hydrolase, Cut190, and its correlation with activity and stability

Akane Senga et al.

Summary: The catalytic activity and stability of the enzyme Cut190, and its mutant Cut190*, are regulated by Ca2+ binding. Crystal structure studies revealed multiple forms of Cut190* and its mutants, and the deletion of C-terminal residues increased thermal stability while retaining activity. This increased stability can be utilized for protein engineering of Cut190 for PET depolymerization.

JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Polymer Science

Mechanical Recycling of Packaging Plastics: A Review

Zoe O. G. Schyns et al.

Summary: The current global plastics economy is linear, but transitioning to a circular economy is crucial for reducing environmental impacts through degradation, reuse, and recycling. Mechanical recycling plays a key role in a sustainable plastic economy, but challenges such as high costs, mechanical property degradation, and inconsistent product quality need to be addressed.

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

In vitro degradation of low-density polyethylene by new bacteria from larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella

Zahra Montazer et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the ability of three bacterial species isolated from greater wax moth larvae to utilize low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as a sole carbon source. Results showed that these bacteria could degrade LDPE and bacterial consortia were more effective in degrading LDPE than individual species. Gas chromatographic analyses revealed the presence of linear alkanes and unknown putative LDPE hydrolysis products in some bacterial culture media.

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Comparative Biochemistry of Four Polyester (PET) Hydrolases**

Jenny Arnling Baath et al.

Summary: Research on enzymatic degradation of synthetic polymers, particularly PET, has been stimulated by the potential of bioprocessing in a circular plastic economy. A kinetic framework for comparisons of PET hydrolases acting on insoluble substrate has been proposed and tested, revealing that a variant of the PET hydrolase from Ideonella sakaiensis is the most efficient enzyme at ambient conditions. Additionally, both soluble and insoluble PET fragments were hydrolyzed faster than intact PET, suggesting that interactions between polymer strands play a role in slowing down PET degradation.

CHEMBIOCHEM (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Novel Pet-Degrading Enzymes: Structure-Function from a Computational Perspective

Alessandro Berselli et al.

Summary: Efforts have been dedicated to elucidating the structure and features of PETase and MHETase enzymes, optimizing them for industrial applications. The versatility of enzymes secreted by I. sakaiensis suggests potential applications in PET debris disposal, making it a prolific research field to prioritize efforts in.

CHEMBIOCHEM (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Biocatalysis in the Recycling Landscape for Synthetic Polymers and Plastics towards Circular Textiles

Christina Jonsson et al.

Summary: Although the separation of individual components from polymer blends in textiles is currently unavailable at a viable scale, biotechnology may provide a solution. However, biotechnological-assisted depolymerization only works for a few synthetic polymer chains, and the use of difficult-to-recycle blended materials is rapidly growing in the textile industry.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

A comprehensive and critical review on key elements to implement enzymatic PET depolymerization for recycling purposes

Adriano Carniel et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Biodegradation of foam plastics by Zophobas atratus larvae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) associated with changes of gut digestive enzymes activities and microbiome

Liping Luo et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that superworm Zophobas atratus can efficiently degrade both polystyrene and polyurethane foam plastics, and the plastic degradation is associated with changes in gut microbial communities and digestive enzyme activities.

CHEMOSPHERE (2021)

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Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Plastic bioconversion: Reaction mechanism of PETases

B. K. Ge et al.

Summary: The physical model proposed based on mutagenesis experiments on IsPETase predicts its reaction mechanism using the Michaelis-Menten model, providing an efficient method for computing enzyme activity. The computational docking of BHET on IsPETase mutants reveals consistent predicted activities with experimental data, with a correlation coefficient in the range of 0.79 to 0.88.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Computational studies of polyurethanases from Pseudomonas

Vanessa Petry do Canto et al.

Summary: Polyurethanes are multifunctional polymers widely used in various industries, but improper disposal can lead to environmental accumulation. Enzymatic degradation of PU has been studied for waste management, showing promising results. Molecular dynamics simulations of enzymes from Pseudomonas demonstrated stable structures and strong interactions with PU monomers.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING (2021)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Recent advances in the discovery, characterization, and engineering of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) hydrolases

Rui Gao et al.

Summary: Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a type of polyester plastic composed of terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG). The accumulation of PET waste has caused significant environmental and health issues. Microbial polyester hydrolases offer an eco-friendly approach to degrading PET waste. Progress has been made in discovering, characterizing, and engineering PET hydrolases for enhanced enzymatic activity and specificity.

ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ProThermDB: thermodynamic database for proteins and mutants revisited after 15 years

Rahul Nikam et al.

Summary: ProThermDB is an updated version of a thermodynamic database for proteins and mutants, containing a vast amount of data on protein stability and providing a graphical interface for mutation visualization. It also includes a large amount of thermodynamic data from different organisms and cell lines, obtained using recent high throughput techniques.

NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural basis of mutants of PET-degrading enzyme from Saccharomonospora viridis AHK190 with high activity and thermal stability

Miho Emori et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that Cut190*SS increased thermal stability while maintaining enzymatic function, attributed to the formation of a disulfide bond by Cys250 and Cys296. Results indicated that although the metal-binding properties of Cut190*SS series differed, the enzyme retained its ability to utilize Ca2+ to accelerate conformational change, thereby preserving its functionality.

PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Catalytically inactive lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase PcAA14A enhances the enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate

Longhai Dai et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated the synergistic effects of combining PET-degrading enzyme IsPETase(EHA) and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase PcAA14A in PET degradation. PcAA14A alone did not hydrolyze PET, but it enhanced the hydrolytic efficiency of IsPETase(EHA) by 1.3-fold. The stimulatory effects of PcAA14A on IsPETase(EHA) are independent of monooxygenase activity, and the optimal concentrations for PET hydrolysis were determined to be 25 μg/mL of IsPETase(EHA) and 0.25 μg/mL of PcAA14A. The presence of PcAA14A increased the hydrolysis products by 27.7% compared to IsPETase(EHA) alone.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Computational Redesign of a PETase for Plastic Biodegradation under Ambient Condition by the GRAPE Strategy

Yinglu Cui et al.

Summary: This study successfully improved the robustness of PETase through a computational strategy, resulting in the redesign of a variant DuraPETase with significantly elevated melting temperature and enhanced degradation of PET films, as well as complete biodegradation of microplastics at mild temperatures. The design strategy presents opportunities for handling uncollectable PET waste and converting resulting monomers into high-value molecules.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Potential for and Distribution of Enzymatic Biodegradation of Polystyrene by Environmental Microorganisms

Liyuan Hou et al.

Summary: This study identified microbial species capable of degrading PS and predicted target PS-degrading enzymes. Enzymes such as cytochrome P4500s, alkane hydroxylases, and monooxygenases are considered top potential candidates for degrading PS, with the potential to break C-C bonds and oxidize aromatic compounds generated from PS decomposition. These enzymes are distributed in various bacterial phyla, suggesting broad potential for PS biodegradation in different environments.

MATERIALS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Perspectives on the Role of Enzymatic Biocatalysis for the Degradation of Plastic PET

Rita P. Magalhaes et al.

Summary: Plastics are durable and widely used materials, but current methods for degradation and recycling are flawed. Biodegradation has emerged as a viable alternative, with enzymes capable of degrading PET being discovered and engineered. Despite progress, further efforts are needed to improve enzyme activity and thermal stability.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Valid publication of the names of forty- two phyla of prokaryotes

Aharon Oren et al.

Summary: After the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) voted to include the rank of phylum in the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and published the decision in the IJSEM, names and formal descriptions of 42 phyla were presented for valid publication, based on genera as the nomenclatural types.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Progress of Disintegration of Polylactide (PLA)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) (PBS) Blends Containing Talc and Chalk Inorganic Fillers under Industrial Composting Conditions

Senguel Tolga et al.

Summary: This study investigates the disintegration process of biodegradable plastics PLA and PBS under industrial composting conditions, finding that mineral fillers influence the disintegration behavior of PLA/PBS blends, with talc leading to lower and chalk to higher disintegration rates. The degrees of disintegration almost linearly correlate with specimen thickness.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Phylogenetic analysis and in-depth characterization of functionally and structurally diverse CE5 cutinases

Vera Novy et al.

Summary: Cutinases are esterases that can release fatty acids from the apoplastic layer in plants. A study identified 151 cutinase genes from carbohydrate esterase family 5 for further analysis, revealing close relationships between cutinases with available crystal structures. Nine diverse cutinases were selected for characterization and the five with the highest activity on bulky hydrophobic compounds were chosen for in-depth kinetic and structure-function analysis.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Phylogenetic Distribution of Plastic-Degrading Microorganisms

Victor Gambarini et al.

Summary: The number of reported plastic-degrading microorganisms is increasing rapidly, allowing for exploration of plastic-degrading traits conservation and distribution across diverse microbial classifications. Strong evidence was found for the degradation of the synthetic polymer polylactic acid (PLA), and related microbial species are phylogenetically conserved. A total of 16,170 putative plastic degradation orthologs were identified in microbial genomes, showcasing vast potential for further research. The comprehensive database and interactive phylogenetic tree created will aid in understanding genetic diversity and evolution of microbial plastic-degrading capabilities.

MSYSTEMS (2021)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biodegradation and up-cycling of polyurethanes: Progress, challenges, and prospects

Jiawei Liu et al.

Summary: This article discusses the global ranking and importance of polyurethanes, as well as their characteristics in terms of environmental factors and durability. It also highlights the need for proper disposal of polyurethane waste and the differences in polymer structure. Furthermore, it explores the discovery and application of polyurethane-degrading microbes and enzymes, as well as strategies for recycling and upcycling waste polymers.

BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Green Recycling Process for Polyurethane Foams by a Chem-Biotech Approach

Audrey Magnin et al.

Summary: Polyurethane waste recycling is challenging, but a green recycling pathway was proposed in this study through enzyme depolymerization and organometallic-catalyzed synthesis of second-generation polymers.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Secretory expression in Bacillus subtilis and biochemical characterization of a highly thermostable polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase from bacterium HR29

Xingxiang Xi et al.

Summary: The environmental threat of plastic waste disposal has been a major concern, and recycling PET waste into reusable materials has become a solution. This study introduced a highly efficient PETase, BhrPETase, with superior hydrolyzing activity towards amorphous PET and remarkable thermostability, making it a promising candidate for PET recycling and bioremediation applications.

ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Confirmation of biodegradation of low-density polyethylene in dark- versus yellow- mealworms (larvae of Tenebrio obscurus versus Tenebrio molitor) via. gut microbe-independent depolymerization

Shan-Shan Yang et al.

Summary: The larvae of Tenebrio obscurus and Tenebrio molitor demonstrated similar capacity for degrading LDPE foams, showing a broad depolymerization pattern with a digestion rate of nearly 40% to CO2. Antibiotic suppression of gut microbes did not halt depolymerization, indicating that LDPE biodegradation in T. obscurus was independent of gut microbes. High-throughput sequencing revealed significant shifts in the gut microbial community during LDPE feeding in both Tenebrio species.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

pH-Stat Titration: A Rapid Assay for Enzymatic Degradability of Bio-Based Polymers

Lukas Miksch et al.

Summary: Bio-based polymers are being considered as a solution to combat the build-up of microplastics in the environment. An improved pH Stat titration assay has been proposed as a rapid and reliable method to determine the biodegradability of polymers under environmental conditions. The study showed that proteolytic enzymes hydrolyzed PLA while lipase was more effective on PBS, with different hydrolysis rates observed at varying temperatures.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

The Current State of Research on PET Hydrolyzing Enzymes Available for Biorecycling

Fusako Kawai

Summary: This paper discusses the differences between thermophilic cutinases and mesophilic cutinases in PET hydrolysis. Thermophilic cutinases have a higher degradation ability in PET biorecycling due to their capability to work in high-temperature environments.

CATALYSTS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Plastic-Degrading Potential across the Global Microbiome Correlates with Recent Pollution Trends

Jan Zrimec et al.

Summary: Utilizing global environmental DNA sampling projects and constructing hidden Markov models, we identified the potential of global microorganisms to degrade plastics and compiled a catalogue of nonredundant enzyme homologues with the ability to degrade 10 different plastic types. We found that ocean and soil enzyme abundance relates to depth and plastic pollution, and the abundance of these enzymes correlates significantly with marine and country-specific plastic pollution trends.

MBIO (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Back-to-monomer recycling of polycondensation polymers: opportunities for chemicals and enzymes

Shanmugam Thiyagarajan et al.

Summary: The use of plastics has significantly increased in recent decades, but renewable alternatives are currently not sufficient to replace fossil-based plastics. Chemical recycling processes offer potential solutions for transforming plastic waste into new polymers, but further strategies are needed to efficiently utilize plastic waste.

RSC ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Biodegradation of Different Types of Plastics by Tenebrio molitor Insect

Piotr Bulak et al.

Summary: The use of insects for biodegradation of plastics is a promising approach, with experiments showing that the mealworm Tenebrio molitor is able to efficiently degrade various types of plastic waste such as polystyrene, polyurethane, and polyethylene. Both larvae and adult insects were found to be active plastic eaters, but separating them in different containers can help to increase the consumption rate and shorten the experiment duration.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Biodegradation of Polystyrene by Tenebrio molitor, Galleria mellonella, and Zophobas atratus Larvae and Comparison of Their Degradation Effects

Shan Jiang et al.

Summary: The larvae of yellow mealworm, greater wax moth, and superworm have demonstrated the ability to degrade polystyrene, with superworm showing the strongest consumption capacity. Changes in the gut microbiota were observed after feeding polystyrene to the larvae of these insects.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Managing Plastic Waste-Sorting, Recycling, Disposal, and Product Redesign

Jean-Paul Lange

Summary: The petrochemical industry has produced numerous polymers beneficial to humanity, but irresponsible disposal of plastics has caused environmental harm. This paper critically reviews the challenges and opportunities in converting plastic waste into an industry feedstock, covering aspects such as waste quantity, recycling methods, chemical recycling, waste disposal, and future trends in circularity.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

3D-Printed Enzyme-Embedded Plastics

Angelique F. Greene et al.

Summary: A simple and environmentally friendly approach using 3D printing techniques for thermoplastic processing of rapidly degradable plastic-enzyme composites is described. The composites showed different degradation rates depending on the amount of AL loading, with AL capable of withstanding high in situ processing temperatures. Degradation rates of the composites in phosphate buffer were found to be faster compared to externally applied AL.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Highly Crystalline Post-Consumer PET Waste Hydrolysis by Surface Displayed PETase Using a Bacterial Whole-Cell Biocatalyst

David Gercke et al.

Summary: A new bacterial whole-cell biocatalyst was constructed for enzymatic degradation of PET waste, utilizing surface display of PETase and environmentally benign rhamnolipids. This approach led to a more efficient PET degradation, outperforming free PETase by a factor of 16.

CHEMCATCHEM (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent Progress in the Chemical Upcycling of Plastic Wastes

Xi Chen et al.

Summary: This Minireview summarizes recent progress in the chemical upcycling of plastic wastes using various methods, mainly within the past three to five years. It introduces the concept of a plastic-based refinery, transforming plastic wastes into valuable compounds and discusses different chemical methods and emerging technologies.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Emerging Strategies in Polyethylene Terephthalate Hydrolase Research for Biorecycling

Fusako Kawai

Summary: Research on PET hydrolyzing enzymes aims to increase thermostability for higher activity, as well as to pretreat waste PET for biodegradability. Improving enzyme thermostabilities through gene mutation, host expression, and modifications, as well as processing waste PET into more readily biodegradable forms, are crucial for achieving PET biorecycling.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2021)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Chemical Recycling of PET in the Presence of the Bio-Based Polymers, PLA, PHB and PEF: A Review

Mohammad Nahid Siddiqui et al.

Summary: The increase in plastic production and waste has led to a serious environmental issue, prompting the development of biodegradable or biobased plastics as more environmentally friendly alternatives. Through chemical recycling methods, both PET and biobased polymers can be effectively utilized to produce high-value products with biodegradable units incorporated.

SUSTAINABILITY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Analytical methods for the investigation of enzyme-catalyzed degradation of polyethylene terephthalate

Valentina Pirillo et al.

Summary: The study focuses on the persistent pollution concerns of PET plastic in global ecosystems and the enzymatic degradation research, including kinetic analysis of enzymes and methods study, providing important information for biologically recycling PET waste products.

FEBS JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Class I hydrophobins pretreatment stimulates PETase for monomers recycling of waste PETs

Nathania Puspitasari et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that using PETase expressed and purified from Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6, as well as Class I hydrophobins RolA and HGFI expressed and purified from Escherichia coli, for hydrolysis and pretreatment of PET fibers waste can effectively recycle monomers from PET waste, enhance hydrolysis efficiency, and increase the release of terephthalic acid and monomers.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2021)

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Article Thermodynamics

Solubility and Freezing Points of Disodium Terephthalate in Water-Ethylene Glycol Mixtures

Amirali Rezazadeh et al.

Summary: The solubility of disodium terephthalate in aqueous sodium hydroxide and in aqueous sodium hydroxide-ethylene glycol mixtures was experimentally determined, and its phase diagrams were established from -25 to 70 degrees C. The solubility of disodium terephthalate shows no significant dependence on temperature, while its freezing points vary with composition. The solubility and freezing points decrease with increasing concentrations of ethylene glycol, and disodium terephthalate is salted out by the addition of sodium hydroxide.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Implications for the PET decomposition mechanism through similarity and dissimilarity between PETases from Rhizobacter gummiphilus and Ideonella sakaiensis

Hye-Young Sagong et al.

Summary: Researchers have identified a novel PET hydrolase from Rhizobacter gummiphilus (RgPETase) that exhibits similar hydrolyzing activity to IsPETase towards microcrystalline PET, but shows distinct behavior towards low crystallinity PET film. Structural analysis reveals that RgPETase shares key structural features with IsPETase for high PET hydrolysis activity, but also has differences at the surface-exposed regions.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Fusion of Chitin-Binding Domain From Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 to the Leaf-Branch Compost Cutinase for Enhanced PET Hydrolysis

Rui Xue et al.

Summary: A new method has been developed to fuse a chitin-binding domain from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 to a cutinase, improving its adsorption to PET substrates and enhancing degradation performance by up to 19.6% compared to the precursor enzyme. This approach shows promising potential in stimulating the enzymatic hydrolysis of PET by fusing a polymer-binding module to the enzyme.

FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation

Seyedehazita Ahmaditabatabaei et al.

Summary: This article highlights the threat that plastic waste poses to the ecosystem and emphasizes the urgency of reducing plastic pollution. It discusses the potential of fungal enzymes as candidates for biocatalytic PET degradation processes. The review also touches upon the limitations of fungal enzymes and strategies for improvement in enzymatic PET biodegradation.

JOURNAL OF FUNGI (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Near-complete depolymerization of polyesters with nano-dispersed enzymes

Christopher Delre et al.

Summary: By dispersing enzymes with deep active sites, semi-crystalline polyesters can be efficiently degraded in a short period of time, with up to 98% conversion of polyester to small molecules. This method allows for complete elimination of the need to separate and landfill products in compost facilities, with degradation achieved in standard soil composts and household tap water.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Whole-genome sequence-based analysis of the Paenibacillus aquistagni strain DK1, a polyethylene-degrading bacterium isolated from landfill

Joao Pedro Rueda Furlan et al.

Summary: Polyethylene-degrading bacteria, such as Paenibacillus sp. strain DK1, have the potential to biodegrade pollutants. The alkB-like protein from Paenibacillus may contribute to sustainable bioremediation strategies.

WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article

MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF POLYLACTIC ACID BIOPLASTIC

NOR HAFIZAH AHMAD KAMARUDIN et al.

Journal of Sustainability Science and Management (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Exploring the polyurethanolytic activity and microbial composition of landfill microbial communities

Martin Vargas-Suarez et al.

Summary: This study explored the impact of microenvironmental conditions on the biodegradative capacity and taxonomic composition of microbial communities in a landfill. Results showed that the composition of microbial communities was influenced by microenvironmental conditions, impacting their ability to degrade polyurethane waste and other xenobiotics. This research provides valuable insights into the potential use of microbial communities for the treatment of PU waste and other pollutants.

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Strategic Approach Towards Plastic Waste Valorization: Challenges and Promising Chemical Upcycling Possibilities

Pallabi Sinha Roy et al.

Summary: Plastic waste, a major source of pollution, can be effectively reduced through upcycling techniques to create high-value materials and mitigate the environmental impact and production costs.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Biotechnology of Plastic Waste Degradation, Recycling, and Valorization: Current Advances and Future Perspectives

Zi-Hao Qin et al.

Summary: Biotechnology-based biodegradation of plastics offers promising potential in addressing environmental burdens and solving plastic waste issues, with recent advancements focusing on mechanisms and strategies for recycling and valorization.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Utilization of Plastic Wastes for Sustainable Environmental Management: A Review

Sunil Kumar et al.

Summary: The advancement and modernization of industries have led to the production of a wide range of plastic products, resulting in a significant amount of plastic waste. Recycling plastic not only helps protect the environment and conserve resources, but also yields valuable recycled products through various techniques.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Enhancing PET hydrolytic enzyme activity by fusion of the cellulose-binding domain of cellobiohydrolase I from Trichoderma reesei

Longhai Dai et al.

Summary: The fusion of a cellulose-binding domain CBM onto IsPETaseEHA was found to significantly enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of PET, particularly at higher temperatures. This strategy shows promise in stimulating the biodegradation of PET.

JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

QM/MM Study of the Enzymatic Biodegradation Mechanism of Polyethylene Terephthalate

Sergio Boneta et al.

Summary: This study investigated the enzymatic biodegradation of PET at an atomic level using molecular dynamics simulations. Two hydrolases, Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 and leaf-branch compost cutinase, showed degradation activity towards PET. The study revealed a characteristic four-step degradation pathway for both enzymes, with LCC-ICCG variant outperforming PETase possibly due to its ability to work at higher temperatures and its intrinsic relationship with the crystallinity grade of the polymer.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Fungal enzymes for the degradation of polyethylene: Molecular docking simulation and biodegradation pathway proposal

Ericka Santacruz-Juarez et al.

Summary: In this study, molecular docking simulations were used to investigate the enzymatic degradation of polyethylene using different enzymes. Results show that enzymes can work synergistically for effective degradation of organic pollutants.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Biodegradation of polystyrene by bacteria from the soil in common environments

Hyeong-Woo Kim et al.

Summary: This study identified two new bacterial strains, Pseudomonas lini JNU01 and Acinetobacter johnsonii JNU01, with high biodegradation efficiency towards PS. Through bioinformatics and transcriptional analysis, the involvement of alkane-1-monooxygenase (AlkB) in PS biodegradation was confirmed. These findings provide significant insights into the potential of Pseudomonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp. as decomposers of PS.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Two polyurethanases PueA and PueB are major extracellular lipases partly secreted by the mediation of their cognate ABC exporter AprDEF in Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5

D-M Zha et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that PueA and PueB in Pf-5 are major extracellular lipases, with PueA playing a leading role in extracellular lipase activity, and their extracellular secretion partly mediated by AprDEF. Furthermore, PueA and PueB are also able to achieve extracellular secretion without the assistance of AprDEF.

LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Materials Science, Characterization & Testing

Improving the ductility and heat deflection temperature of injection molded Poly(lactic acid) products: A comprehensive review

Tamas Tabi et al.

Summary: Petroleum-based plastics are widely used, but there is an increasing demand for bioplastics made from renewable resources. While bioplastics such as PLA have the potential to replace traditional petroleum-based plastics, their properties may not always be adequate. PLA is one of the most promising bioplastics, but its properties need to be modified to enable widespread industrial application.

POLYMER TESTING (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Assessment of the PETase conformational changes induced by poly(ethylene terephthalate) binding

Clauber Henrique Souza da Costa et al.

Summary: A bacterium strain with the ability to degrade PET was identified, and its enzyme IsPETase catalyzes the hydrolysis of PET. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were used to analyze structural changes of IsPETase induced by PET binding, suggesting strategies for increasing the enzyme's thermal stability. This study provides insights into the molecular binding mechanism of PET into IsPETase structure and a computational strategy for mapping flexible regions of the enzyme.

PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Breakthrough in polyurethane bio-recycling: An efficient laccase-mediated system for the degradation of different types of polyurethanes

Audrey Magnin et al.

Summary: The development of green, efficient, and profitable plastic recycling processes is crucial for reducing the expanding plastic pollution and accumulation of microplastics in the environment. Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in the recycling of polyurethanes, particularly in enzymatic degradation of polyether-based PU foam.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

A critical view on the technology readiness level (TRL) of microbial plastics biodegradation

Julio Cesar Soares Sales et al.

Summary: Accumulation of plastic waste has become a major environmental concern, leading to extensive research on biological degradation as a green approach for recycling. While advances have been made in PET biodegradation, the mechanism for biodegrading polyolefins (PE and PP) remains unclear due to their high recalcitrance.

WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Molecular Insights into the Enhanced Performance of EKylated PETase Toward PET Degradation

Kun Chen et al.

Summary: The fusion of a zwitterionic polypeptide to PETase has been shown to enhance catalytic performance and increase product release in the degradation of highly crystallized PET films. Structural analysis and molecular simulations reveal the enhanced stability and substrate binding properties of EKylation-modified PETases.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Reaction Mechanism of MHETase, a PET Degrading Enzyme

Alexandre V. Pinto et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the reaction mechanism of MHETase and found that it catalyzes the conversion of MHET in two steps, with a rate-limiting step activation barrier of 19.35 kcal/mol. The results supported the hypothesis that a transient tetrahedral intermediate mediates the reaction mechanism.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Reaction Mechanism of the PET Degrading Enzyme PETase Studied with DFT/MM Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Carola Jerves et al.

Summary: PETase enzyme can hydrolyze PET bonds and convert them into reusable monomers, the reaction mechanism involves two stages, acylation and deacylation, achieved through a series of steps. Research has identified mutations of certain amino acid residues that can increase enzyme catalytic efficiency.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Positive Charge Introduction on the Surface of Thermostabilized PET Hydrolase Facilitates PET Binding and Degradation

Akihiko Nakamura et al.

Summary: A thermostable enzyme PET2 was engineered for improved hydrolytic activity against polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with mutations in surface charge and formation of additional disulfide bond enhancing activity. The best mutant, PET2 7M, showed increased melting temperature and hydrolytic activity compared to wildtype PET2, with optimal temperature for hydrolysis being 8 degrees C higher and activity being 6.8 times higher at that temperature. These modifications led to enhanced binding rate and long-term thermal stability of PET2 7M at the optimal temperature.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Design and Control of Compostability in Synthetic Biopolyesters

Paresh Kumar Samantaray et al.

Summary: Aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion offer a promising way to recover value from biodegradable single-use plastics, but challenges in collection, separation, and management remain. Different types of biodegradable plastics require different treatment methods, and there is a lack of awareness among end-users about their compostability potential. Further research on the compostability of biodegradable plastics can support their market penetration, use, and proper management.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Mle046 Is a Marine Mesophilic MHETase-Like Enzyme

Ingrid E. Meyer-Cifuentes et al.

Summary: The study identified Mle046, a homolog of the PET-degrading bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis MHETase, from a marine microbial consortium with high expression levels and activity when using PBAT for biodegradation. Mle046 is a mesophilic enzyme adapted to marine conditions, showing efficient degradation rates for MHET and the intermediate of PF degradation, Bte, at temperatures between 20 and 40 degrees C. Despite its mesophilic nature, Mle046 retains activity over a wide range of temperatures and pH values, making it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications in plastic recycling.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Chemical and biological catalysis for plastics recycling and upcycling

Lucas D. Ellis et al.

Summary: Plastic pollution is causing an environmental crisis, driving the development of new recycling and upcycling methods. Both chemical and biological catalysis face challenges and opportunities, requiring innovative design to overcome limitations.

NATURE CATALYSIS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Techno-economic, life-cycle, and socioeconomic impact analysis of enzymatic recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Avantika Singh et al.

Summary: Esterases play a crucial role in enzymatic PET recycling, enabling efficient depolymerization to TPA and ethylene glycol, reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and generating more socio-economic benefits.

JOULE (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Controlling polymer stereochemistry in ring-opening polymerization: a decade of advances shaping the future of biodegradable polyesters

Mathieu J. -L. Tschan et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the recent developments in biodegradable polymeric materials over the past decade, with a focus on the stereoselective ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and the emergence of metal-free stereocontrolled ROP technology. The study emphasizes the synthesis of new stereoselective polymerization catalysts and chiral monomers, while also highlighting the quantification and mechanisms of stereocontrol.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Transcriptomic analysis of Rhodococcus opacus R7 grown on polyethylene by RNA-seq

Jessica Zampolli et al.

Summary: This study unveiled the genetic system of Rhodococcus opacus R7 for polyethylene degradation, including various oxidoreductases. RNA-seq technology helped uncover genes involved in the initial oxidation step.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Stepping towards benign alternatives: sustainable conversion of plastic waste into valuable products

Abhijeet Mohanty et al.

Summary: The extensive use of plastic and the lack of efficient degradation methods have raised concerns about its impact on the environment. With the increased plastic waste generation during the COVID-19 pandemic, alternative sustainable solutions are being developed to address this issue and reduce environmental risks.

CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Biophysics

Structural basis for Ca2+-dependent catalysis of a cutinase-like enzyme and its engineering: application to enzymatic PET depolymerization

Masayuki Oda

Summary: Cut190 is a cutinase-like enzyme that can depolymerize PET, and its activity and thermal stability are regulated by Ca2+ binding. Protein engineering can alter the conformation of Cut190 to enhance its catalytic activity and thermal stability.

BIOPHYSICS AND PHYSICOBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Fungal biodegradation of low-density polyethylene using consortium of Aspergillus species under controlled conditions

Glen Cletus DSouza et al.

Summary: The study found that low-density polyethylene can be effectively biodegraded under laboratory conditions by a fungal consortium, with potato dextrose broth showing the best results, achieving a maximum weight loss of 26.15% in 55 days.

HELIYON (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

General features to enhance enzymatic activity of poly(ethylene terephthalate) hydrolysis

Chun-Chi Chen et al.

Summary: The mutational strategy of replacing His/Phe residues with Ser/Ile has been found to enhance the PET-hydrolytic activity of enzymes, providing an important approach for improving the activity of potential PET-hydrolytic enzymes.

NATURE CATALYSIS (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), green alternatives to petroleum-based plastics: a review

Ahmed Z. Naser et al.

Summary: Petroleum-based plastics have significant negative impacts on the environment, leading to a growing interest in alternative materials like bio-based polymers such as PLA and PHAs. The drive to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and address concerns about natural resource preservation and climate change has pushed researchers to explore the feasibility of these alternative materials. This paper provides an overview of the properties, recyclability, sustainability, and potential applications of PLA and PHAs as replacements for petroleum-based plastics.

RSC ADVANCES (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Chemolytic depolymerisation of PET: a review

Elaine Barnard et al.

Summary: Developing new methods for plastic recycling is crucial for reducing CO2 emissions and improving resource efficiency. Chemical recycling, which involves depolymerization to reclaim original components, is gaining attention as a viable route. Lowering the energy barrier for depolymerization through catalysts under mild conditions is a key focus of research in this field.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Catalytic methods for chemical recycling or upcycling of commercial polymers

Sophia C. Kosloski-Oh et al.

Summary: Polymers have transformed our lives by providing inexpensive and versatile materials, but their longevity has led to environmental issues. Chemical recycling and upcycling are promising methods for dealing with polymer waste, but they are often cost-prohibitive. Catalysts can improve product selectivity in chemical recycling and upcycling processes.

MATERIALS HORIZONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Multistable inflatable origami structures at the metre scale

Christopher Delre et al.

Summary: Using inspiration from origami, rigid-walled deployable structures that are multistable and inflatable have been designed. A library of bistable origami shapes created and then combined to build meter-scale functional structures.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The modular structure of α/β-hydrolases

Tabea L. Bauer et al.

FEBS JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Polymer Science

Plasticization of poly(lactide) with poly(ethylene glycol): Low weight plasticizer vs triblock copolymers. Effect on free volume and barrier properties

Ana Chaos et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2020)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Polyester-based biodegradable plastics: an approach towards sustainable development

S. M. Satti et al.

LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Challenges and opportunities of solvent-based additive extraction methods for plastic recycling

Sibel Ugduler et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Decomposition of the PET Film by MHETase Using Exo-PETase Function

Hye-Young Sagong et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Genome- and Community-Level Interaction Insights in Carbon Utilization and Element Cycling Functions of Hydrothermarchaeota in Hydrothermal Sediment

Zhichao Zhou et al.

MSYSTEMS (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enzymatic degradation of plant biomass and synthetic polymers

Chun-Chi Chen et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Beyond Mechanical Recycling: Giving New Life to Plastic Waste

Ina Vollmer et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

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Article Microbiology

A Novel Polyester Hydrolase From the Marine Bacterium Pseudomonas aestusnigri - Structural and Functional Insights

Alexander Bollinger et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Biodegradation of Polystyrene by Pseudomonas sp. Isolated from the Gut of Superworms (Larvae of Zophobas atratus)

Hong Rae Kim et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Polymer Science

Insight on esterase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S3 that depolymerize poly(lactic acid) (PLA) at ambient temperature

Hazrat Noor et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Current State and Perspectives Related to the Polyethylene Terephthalate Hydrolases Available for Biorecycling

Fusako Kawai et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Microbiology

High Throughput Screening for New Fungal Polyester Hydrolyzing Enzymes

Simone Weinberger et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Microbiology

UV Pretreatment Impairs the Enzymatic Degradation of Polyethylene Terephthalate

Patricia Falkenstein et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Chemical recycling to monomer for an ideal, circular polymer economy

Geoffrey W. Coates et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An engineered PET depolymerase to break down and recycle plastic bottles

V. Tournier et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Enzymatic Self-Biodegradation of Poly(L-lactic acid) Films by Embedded Heat-Treated and Immobilized Proteinase K

QiuYuan Huang et al.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hydrogenative Depolymerization of Nylons

Amit Kumar et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

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Article Polymer Science

Current and Future Trends in Polyurethanes: An Industrial Perspective

Berend Eling et al.

MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2020)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride plastic films by enriched anaerobic marine consortia

Lucia Giacomucci et al.

MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Biocatalytic recycling of polyethylene terephthalate plastic

Wolfgang Zimmermann

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Environmental Sciences

The highly crystallinePETfound in plastic water bottles does not support the growth of thePETase-producing bacteriumIdeonella sakaiensis

Noah E. Wallace et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS (2020)

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Review Engineering, Chemical

A review on degradation mechanisms of polylactic acid: Hydrolytic, photodegradative, microbial, and enzymatic degradation

Nor Fasihah Zaaba et al.

POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Characterization and engineering of a two-enzyme system for plastics depolymerization

Brandon C. Knott et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Technological application potential of polyethylene and polystyrene biodegradation by macro -organisms such as mealworms and wax moth larvae

Pieter Billen et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Review on the Biological Degradation of Polymers in Various Environments

Silvia Kliem et al.

MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Polymer Science

100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Toward Catalytic Chemical Recycling of Waste (and Future) Plastics

Joshua C. Worch et al.

ACS MACRO LETTERS (2020)

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Article Polymer Science

100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Needs for Plastics Packaging Circularity

Stijn Billiet et al.

ACS MACRO LETTERS (2020)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Engineering the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for Production of Polylactic Acid Homopolymer

Sophie Lajus et al.

FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Chemistry, Physical

Possibilities and limitations of biotechnological plastic degradation and recycling

Ren Wei et al.

NATURE CATALYSIS (2020)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Biodegradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae

Bo-Yu Peng et al.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Biodegradation and disintegration of expanded polystyrene by land snails Achatina fulica

Yang Song et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2020)

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Review Microbiology

Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation of Synthetic Plastics

Nisha Mohanan et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Enzymatic Remediation of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)-Based Polymers for Effective Management of Plastic Wastes: An Overview

Ankita Maurya et al.

FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Microbiology

Microbial Polyethylene Terephthalate Hydrolases: Current and Future Perspectives

Clodagh M. Carr et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Synergistic biodegradation of aromatic-aliphatic copolyester plastic by a marine microbial consortium

Ingrid E. Meyer-Cifuentes et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biodegradation of polyethylene mulching films by a co-culture of Acinetobacter sp. strain NyZ450 and Bacillus sp. strain NyZ451 isolated from Tenebrio molitor larvae

Chao-Fan Yin et al.

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Green chemistry and the plastic pollution challenge: towards a circular economy

Roger A. Sheldon et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Structure-guided engineering of a Thermobifida fusca cutinase for enhanced hydrolysis on natural polyester substrate

Qilei Dong et al.

BIORESOURCES AND BIOPROCESSING (2020)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Targeting microplastic particles in the void of diluted suspensions

Shohana Islam et al.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural insights into the unique polylactate-degrading mechanism of Thermobifida alba cutinase

Kengo Kitadokoro et al.

FEBS JOURNAL (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Poly (lactic acid) blends: Processing, properties and applications

Mohammadreza Nofar et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Molecular Modeling Investigation of the Interaction between Humicola insolens Cutinase and SDS Surfactant Suggests a Mechanism for Enzyme Inactivation

Lisbeth Ravnkilde Kjolbye et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

High-fold improvement of assorted post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) packages hydrolysis using Humicola insolens cutinase as a single biocatalyst

Aline Machado de Castro et al.

PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY (2019)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Enzymatic recycling of thermoplastic polyurethanes: Synergistic effect of an esterase and an amidase and recovery of building blocks

Audrey Magnin et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Rational Protein Engineering of Thermo-Stable PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis for Highly Efficient PET Degradation

Hyeoncheol Francis Son et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2019)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

The Generation of Thermostable Fungal Laccase Chimeras by SCHEMA-RASPP Structure-Guided Recombination in Vivo

Ivan Mateljak et al.

ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY (2019)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Current knowledge on enzymatic PET degradation and its possible application to waste stream management and other fields

Fusako Kawai et al.

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Interaction of carbohydrate-binding modules with poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Joanna Weber et al.

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Ultrahigh-throughput screening system for directed polymer binding peptide evolution

Lina Apitius et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Efficient biodegradation of polyethylene (HDPE) waste by the plastic-eating lesser waxworm (Achroia grisella)

Harsha Kundungal et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2019)

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Article Polymer Science

Crystallization of triethyl-citrate-plasticized poly(lactic acid) induced by chitin nanocrystals

Shikha Singh et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Biodegradation of PET: Current Status and Application Aspects

Ikuo Taniguchi et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Biocatalytic Degradation Efficiency of Postconsumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Packaging Determined by Their Polymer Microstructures

Ren Wei et al.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2019)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Plastics: Environmental and Biotechnological Perspectives on Microbial Degradation

Dominik Danso et al.

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Microbiology

Hydrocarbon-associated substrates reveal promising fungi for poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) depolymerization

Lusiane Malafatti-Picca et al.

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Development of biodegradation process for Poly(DL-lactic acid) degradation by crude enzyme produced by Actinomadura keratinilytica strain T16-1

Titiporn Panyachanakul et al.

ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Biocatalyst Immobilization by Anchor Peptides on an Additively Manufacturable Material

Niclas Buescher et al.

ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structure of the plastic-degrading Ideonella sakaiensis MHETase bound to a substrate

Gottfried J. Palm et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Biodegradation of Polyethylene by Enterobacter sp. D1 from the Guts of Wax Moth Galleria mellonella

Liu Ren et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2019)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

Polyvinyl chloride biodegradation by Pseudomonas citronellolis and Bacillus flexus

Lucia Giacomucci et al.

NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Polymer Science

Biodegradation of polyamide 4 in seawater

Naoko Yamano et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Efficient Degradation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) with Thermobifida fusca Cutinase Exhibiting Improved Catalytic Activity Generated using Mutagenesis and Additive-based Approaches

Makoto Furukawa et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

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Review Crystallography

Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases in Bacteria: Active Site, Structure, Function and Application

Changsuk Oh et al.

CRYSTALS (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural and functional characterization of polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase from Ideonella sakaiensis

Congcong Liu et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Article Microbiology

The Degradative Capabilities of New Amycolatopsis Isolates on Polylactic Acid

Francesca Decorosi et al.

MICROORGANISMS (2019)

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Article Polymer Science

The effect of water absorption on stretch-induced crystallization of poly (ethylene terephthalate): An in-situ synchrotron radiation wide angle X-ray scattering study

Wenwen Zhang et al.

POLYMER (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Distinctive structural motifs co-ordinate the catalytic nucleophile and the residues of the oxyanion hole in the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold enzymes

Polytimi S. Dimitriou et al.

PROTEIN SCIENCE (2019)

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Review Biochemical Research Methods

Hydrophobins: multifunctional biosurfactants for interface engineering

Bryan W. Berger et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING (2019)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Conformational fitting of a flexible oligomeric substrate does not explain the enzymatic PET degradation

Ren Wei et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Review Microbiology

Actinobacteria as Promising Candidate for Polylactic Acid Type Bioplastic Degradation

Natthicha Butbunchu et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Mathematical & Computational Biology

PMBD: a Comprehensive Plastics Microbial Biodegradation Database

Zhiqiang Gan et al.

DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A novel and simple method for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoparticle production

Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO (2019)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Degradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Aspergillus sp Strain S45 Isolated from Soil

Muhammad Osman et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2018)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Ecotoxicity Evaluation of the Biodegradable Polymers PLA, PBAT and its Blends Using Allium cepa as Test Organism

Paula A. Palsikowski et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The MEROPS database of proteolytic enzymes, their substrates and inhibitors in 2017 and a comparison with peptidases in the PANTHER database

Neil D. Rawlings et al.

NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Stabilizing Leaf and Branch Compost Cutinase (LCC) with Glycosylation: Mechanism and Effect on PET Hydrolysis

Abhijit N. Shirke et al.

BIOCHEMISTRY (2018)

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Article Biophysics

Active Site Flexibility as a Hallmark for Efficient PET Degradation by I-sakaiensis PETase

Tobias Fecker et al.

BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL (2018)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Molecular characterization of a novel chitinase CmChi1 from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 and its use in N-acetyl-D-glucosamine production

Alei Zhang et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Protein Crystallography and Site-Direct Mutagenesis Analysis of the Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Hydrolase PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis

Bing Liu et al.

CHEMBIOCHEM (2018)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Biodegradation of Polyethylene and Plastic Mixtures in Mealworms (Larvae of Tenebrio molitor) and Effects on the Gut Microbiome

Anja Malawi Brandon et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Accelerating biodegradation of PLA using microbial consortium from dairy wastewater sludge combined with PLA-degrading bacterium

Wisuda Pattanasuttichonlakul et al.

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2018)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling

John N. Hahladakis et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Biodegradation of Poly(lactic acid) in Soil Microcosms at Ambient Temperature: Evaluation of Natural Attenuation, Bio-augmentation and Bio-stimulation

Sadia Mehmood Satti et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2018)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Biological Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate: A Mini-Review

Rupali Koshti et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2018)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Long-Term Cultivation and Metagenomics Reveal Ecophysiology of Previously Uncultivated Thermophiles Involved in Biogeochemical Nitrogen Cycle

Shingo Kato et al.

MICROBES AND ENVIRONMENTS (2018)

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Article Microbiology

Isolation and Characterization of Polyester-Based Plastics-Degrading Bacteria from Compost Soils

P. Sriyapai et al.

MICROBIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms

Sudhir Kumar et al.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lytic xylan oxidases from wood-decay fungi unlock biomass degradation

Marie Couturier et al.

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Biodegradability of polyethylene by bacteria and fungi from Dandora dumpsite Nairobi-Kenya

Christabel Ndahebwa Muhonja et al.

PLOS ONE (2018)

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Article Polymer Science

Enhancing the biodegradation rate of poly(lactic acid) films and PLA bio-nanocomposites in simulated composting through bioaugmentation

E. Castro-Aguirre et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2018)

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Article Polymer Science

Biodegradation rate of biodegradable plastics at molecular level

Selene Chinaglia et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2018)

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Article Polymer Science

Isolation and role of polylactic acid-degrading bacteria on degrading enzymes productions and PLA biodegradability at mesophilic conditions

Tiparporn Bubpachat et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Characterization and engineering of a plastic-degrading aromatic polyesterase

Harry P. Austin et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Microbial communities responsible for the degradation of poly(lactic acid)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) blend mulches in soil burial respirometric tests

Lenka Jeszeova et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural insight into molecular mechanism of poly (ethylene terephthalate) degradation

Seongjoon Joo et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Article Polymer Science

Impact of Nanoclays on the Biodegradation of Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites

Edgar Castro-Aguirre et al.

POLYMERS (2018)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

New Insights into the Function and Global Distribution of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)-Degrading Bacteria and Enzymes in Marine and Terrestrial Metagenomes

Dominik Danso et al.

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Enzymatic hydrolysis of PET: functional roles of three Ca2+ ions bound to a cutinase-like enzyme, Cut190*, and its engineering for improved activity

Masayuki Oda et al.

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural Dynamics of the PET-Degrading Cutinase-like Enzyme from Saccharomonospora viridis AHK190 in Substrate-Bound States Elucidates the Ca2+-Driven Catalytic Cycle

Nobutaka Numoto et al.

BIOCHEMISTRY (2018)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Biodegradation of Poly-epsilon-caprolactones and Poly-l-lactides by Fungi

Tatiana V. Antipova et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2018)

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Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Enhanced Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Hydrolase Activity by Protein Engineering

Yuan Ma et al.

ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

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Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding site engineering increases the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate films by polyester hydrolases from Thermobifida fusca

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Structural basis for the Ca2+-enhanced thermostability and activity of PET-degrading cutinase-like enzyme from Saccharomonospora viridis AHK190

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JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS (2006)

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Review Polymer Science

Review of conventional and novel polymerization processes for polyesters

K. Pang et al.

PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE (2006)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biological degradation of synthetic polyesters - Enzymes as potential catalysts for polyester recycling

Rolf-Joachim Mueller

PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY (2006)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Production of poly(L-lactide)-degrading enzyme by Amycolatopsis orientalis for biological recycling of poly(L-lactide)

Amnat Jarerat et al.

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2006)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Production of a recombinant polyester-cleaving hydrolase from Thermobifida fusca in Escherichia coli

Karolin Dresler et al.

BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING (2006)

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Article Polymer Science

Enzymatic degradation of Poly(D,L-lactide) and its, blends with poly(vinyl acetate)

J. P. Mahalik et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2006)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Increase of the hydrophilicity of polyethylene terephthalate fibres by hydrolases from Thermomonospora fusca and Fusarium solani f. sp pisi

Mandy Alisch-Mark et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS (2006)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Novel hydrophobic surface binding protein, HsbA, produced by Aspergillus oryzae

S Ohtaki et al.

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2006)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Isolation of a bacterium that degrades urethane compounds and characterization of its urethane hydrolase

Y Akutsu-Shigeno et al.

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2006)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biodegradability and biodegradation of poly(lactide)

Yutaka Tokiwa et al.

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2006)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ProTherm and ProNIT: thermodynamic databases for proteins and protein-nucleic acid interactions

M. D. Shaji Kumar et al.

NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (2006)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

X-ray crystallographic analysis of 6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase - Molecular basis for the birth of a nylon oligomer-degrading enzyme

S Negoro et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2005)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Cutinase-like enzyme from the yeast Cryptococcus sp strain S-2 hydrolyzes polylactic acid and other biodegradable plastics

K Masaki et al.

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2005)

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Article Microbiology

Gene cloning and molecular characterization of an extracellular poly(L-lactic acid) depolymerase from Amycolatopsis sp strain K104-1

E Matsuda et al.

JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY (2005)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Analysis of protein-surfactant interactions -: a titration calorimetric and fluorescence spectroscopic investigation of interactions between Humicola insolens cutinase and an anionic surfactant

AD Nielsen et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS (2005)

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Article Polymer Science

Enzymatic degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate):: Rapid hydrolyse using a hydrolase from T-fusca

RJ Müller et al.

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (2005)

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Review Polymer Science

Recycling of PET

F Awaja et al.

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2005)

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Article Polymer Science

Cutinase - A new tool for biomodification of synthetic fibers

CM Silva et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY (2005)

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Article Polymer Science

Studies on the enzymatic hydrolysis of polyesters.: II.: Aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters

E Marten et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2005)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Purification and characterization of a biodegradable plastic-degrading enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae

H Maeda et al.

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2005)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Hydrolysis of polyesters by serine proteases

HA Lim et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS (2005)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Enzymatic degradation of poly(L-lactide) film by proteinase K: Quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy study

K Yamashita et al.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2005)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

New motivation for the depolymerization products derived from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste: A review

DE Nikles et al.

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING (2005)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Characterization of a new extracellular hydrolase from Thermobifida fusca degrading aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters

I Kleeberg et al.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2005)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The fungal hydrophobin RolA recruits polyesterase and laterally moves on hydrophobic surfaces

T Takahashi et al.

MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY (2005)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Effects of ultraviolet light (315 nm), temperature and relative humidity on the degradation of polylactic acid plastic films

A Copinet et al.

CHEMOSPHERE (2004)

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Article Polymer Science

Novel surface modification of high-density polyethylene films by using enzymatic catalysis

JC Zhao et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2004)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Monitoring biotransformations in polyamide fibres

C Silva et al.

BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOTRANSFORMATION (2004)

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Article Polymer Science

A study on the biodegradability of polyethylene terephthalate fiber and diethylene glycol terephthalate

JF Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2004)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effect of water on the surface molecular mobility of poly(lactide) thin films: An atomic force microscopy study

Y Kikkawa et al.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2004)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Microbial poly(L-lactide)-degrading enzyme induced by amino acids, peptides, and poly(L-amino acids)

A Jarerat et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2004)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Enzymatic and thermal degradation of poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(D,L-lactide), and their blends

G Sivalingam et al.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2004)

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Article Polymer Science

Degradation of poly(L-lactic acid) by a newly isolated thermophile

K Tomita et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2004)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

ProTherm, version 4.0: thermodynamic database for proteins and mutants

KA Bava et al.

NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (2004)

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Article Microscopy

Laccases: structure, reactions, distribution

H Claus

MICRON (2004)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic bacterium, Geobacillus thermocatenulatus, degrading nylon 12 and nylon 66

K Tomita et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS (2003)

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Article Polymer Science

Degradation of poly(D-lactic acid) by a thermophile

K Tomita et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2003)

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Article Polymer Science

Studies on the enzymatic hydrolysis of polyesters I.: Low molecular mass model esters and aliphatic polyesters

E Marten et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2003)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Cloning and sequencing of a poly(DL-lactic acid) depolymerase gene from Paenibacillus amylolyticus strain TB-13 and its functional expression in Escherichia coli

Y Akutsu-Shigeno et al.

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2003)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Poly(L-lactide)-degrading activity in various actinomycetes

A Jarerat et al.

MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE (2002)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) recycling and recovery of pure terephthalic acid by alkaline hydrolysis

GP Karayannidis et al.

ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY (2002)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Production of a polyester degrading extracellular hydrolase from Thermomonospora fusca

MK Gouda et al.

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS (2002)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Degradation of aliphatic polyester films by commercially available lipases with special reference to rapid and complete degradation of poly(L-lactide) film by lipase PL derived from Alcaligenes sp.

A Hoshino et al.

BIODEGRADATION (2002)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Crystallization, stability, and enzymatic degradation of poly(L-lactide) thin film

Y Kikkawa et al.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2002)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biodegradation study of a starch and poly(lactic acid) co-extruded material in liquid, composting and inert mineral media

R Gattin et al.

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2002)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Degradation of polyethylene and Nylon-66 by the laccase-mediator system

M Fujisawa et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2001)

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Article Polymer Science

Poly(lactic acid):: plasticization and properties of biodegradable multiphase systems

O Martin et al.

POLYMER (2001)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Carboxyl proteinase from Pseudomonas defines a novel family of subtilisin-like enzymes

A Wlodawer et al.

NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY (2001)

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Article Polymer Science

Poly(L-lactide): 7. Enzymatic hydrolysis of free and restricted amorphous regions in poly(L-lactide) films with different crystallinities and a fixed crystalline thickness

H Tsuji et al.

POLYMER (2001)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

A literature review of poly(lactic acid)

D Garlotta

JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2001)

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Article Polymer Science

Poly(L-lactide): VI Effects of crystallinity on enzymatic hydrolysis of poly(L-lactide) without free amorphous region

H Tsuji et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2001)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Purification and characterization of an extracellular poly(L-lactic acid) depolymerase from a soil isolate, Amycolatopsis sp strain K104-1

K Nakamura et al.

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2001)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Cloning, nucleotide sequencing and characterization of a polyurethanase gene (pueB) from Pseudomonas chlororaphis

GT Howard et al.

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2001)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biodegradation of nylon oligomers

S Negoro

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2000)

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Article Microbiology

The polyester polyurethanase gene (pueA) from Pseudomonas chlororaphis encodes a lipase

RV Stern et al.

FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS (2000)

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Article Polymer Science

Enzymatic degradation of stereocopolymers derived from L-, DL- and meso-lactides

SM Li et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2000)

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Article Forestry

Polyethylene degradation by manganese peroxidase in the absence of hydrogen peroxide

K Ehara et al.

JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE (2000)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Selective enzymatic degradations of poly(L-lactide) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) blend films

LJ Liu et al.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2000)

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