4.8 Review

Polymer Semiconductors: Synthesis, Processing, and Applications

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Influence of Molecular Weight on the Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance of Ladder-Type Conjugated Polymers

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Summary: Fine-tuning the molecular weight of rigid, ladder-type polymers can significantly enhance the performance of n-type OECTs, achieving record-high geometry-normalized transconductance, electron mobility, and volumetric capacitance. This improvement is attributed to more efficient intermolecular charge transport in high-molecular-weight polymers. Additionally, complementary inverters based on OECTs have demonstrated remarkable voltage gains and ultralow power consumption, making them among the best sub-1 V inverters reported to date.

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Ki-Young Yoon et al.

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Jiawei Wang et al.

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Approaching Crystal Structure and High Electron Mobility in Conjugated Polymer Crystals

Ze-Fan Yao et al.

Summary: Conjugated polymers often have both crystallized and amorphous regions in the solid state, making it challenging to accurately determine their precise microstructures. This study obtained crystals of two typical conjugated polymers through a controlled self-assembly process, allowing for the determination of crystal structures using X-ray techniques and molecular simulations. The highly oriented polymer chains in the crystals exhibit higher mobilities and lower hopping energy barriers compared to spin-coated thin films.

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APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

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Kefeng Zhao et al.

Summary: The study investigated the effects of molecular weight on the behavior, microstructures, charge carrier mobility, and mechanical properties of donor-acceptor conjugated polymers. It was found that different molecular weights of P(NDI2OD-T2) led to varying states in solution and distinct impacts on film microstructures and electrical performances.

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Naoji Matsuhisa et al.

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Xinwen Yan et al.

Summary: By carefully designing the structure of conjugated polymers, their tolerance to disorder induced by doping can be increased, leading to better n-doping efficiency and higher electrical conductivity.

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Junzhen Ren et al.

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Chenyi Yang et al.

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Yao Yang et al.

Summary: This study developed an atomic electron tomography reconstruction method to experimentally determine the 3D atomic positions of an amorphous solid, successfully characterizing the short- and medium-range order of the 3D atomic arrangement. The research identified four types of crystal-like medium-range order and provided direct experimental evidence to support the efficient cluster packing model for metallic glasses.

NATURE (2021)

Review Physics, Multidisciplinary

Multi-level aggregation of conjugated small molecules and polymers: from morphology control to physical insights

Qi-Yi Li et al.

Summary: The article focuses on the aggregation of conjugated small molecules and polymers and their impact on optoelectronic properties, emphasizing the importance of aggregation and the relationship between multi-scale structures and properties. The whole process from molecules to devices is subdivided into several parts, summarizing the progress and challenges of the relationship between optoelectronic properties and multi-level aggregation.

REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A high-conductivity n-type polymeric ink for printed electronics

Chi-Yuan Yang et al.

Summary: The team reported an alcohol-based, high-performance, and stable n-type conductive ink with high electrical conductivity and stability, which is of great significance for the realization of high-performance organic electronic devices.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Achieving Efficient n-Doping of Conjugated Polymers by Molecular Dopants

Yang Lu et al.

Summary: Molecular doping is a central proposition in organic electronics, involving intermolecular charge transfer between organic conjugated materials and molecular dopants. While there is a focus on improving p-doping efficiency and electrical conductivity, the development of n-type molecular doping lags behind. Efficient p- and n-type molecular doping are both essential for organic electronic devices, emphasizing the need to achieve efficient n-doping in conjugated polymers.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Cryogenic Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

Zewen Zhang et al.

Summary: The development of clean energy technologies, such as high energy density batteries and high efficiency solar cells, relies on a deep understanding of key materials and processes at atomic and molecular levels. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is emerging as a powerful tool to investigate sensitive materials in energy science, providing opportunities for breakthroughs and discoveries. Low-temperature methods can protect and stabilize reactive components, offering insights into materials design and practical applications in energy research.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Single-Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cell with 19% Efficiency

Yong Cui et al.

Summary: By combining material design and ternary blending strategy, a maximum power conversion efficiency of 19.0% is achieved in single-junction OPV cells. Optimized active layer structure significantly improves the photovoltaic parameters, enhancing the performance and PCE values of the cells.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Metalloporphyrin-based D-A type conjugated organic polymer nanotube for efficient photocatalytic degradation

Jun Han et al.

Summary: A series of porphyrin-based D-A type conjugated organic polymer nanotubes were synthesized via acid-catalyzed Schiff base reaction. Among them, CuTAPP-BT showed superior photocatalytic activity and recyclability for BPA degradation.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2021)

Article Polymer Science

Evolution of Chain Dynamics and Oxidation States with Increasing Chain Length for a Donor-Acceptor-Conjugated Oligomer Series

Saadia Chaudhry et al.

Summary: This study investigates the effects of chain length on the properties of donor-acceptor conjugated organic materials by synthesizing oligomers and polymers with varying chain lengths. It reveals a convergence limit between small molecule and polymer behavior at around 15 units, highlighting the synergy between chain length and oxidation state properties. The study also demonstrates the importance of chain length in influencing material properties and property transitions as a function of chain length.

MACROMOLECULES (2021)

Article Polymer Science

Controllable Transformation between the Kinetically and Thermodynamically Stable Aggregates in a Solution of Conjugated Polymers

Li Ding et al.

Summary: The study focused on unraveling the energy landscape of conjugated polymers during aggregation and investigating the energetic and structural information of the thermodynamically and kinetically stable aggregates. Through rational molecular design and thermodynamic control, stable aggregates of NDI-based polymers were obtained. The analysis of energetic and structural information provided insights into the relations among the structure, morphology, and properties of conjugated polymers at the molecular level.

MACROMOLECULES (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

py4DSTEM: A Software Package for Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Data Analysis

Benjamin H. Savitzky et al.

Summary: STEM enables imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy of materials at various length scales, producing rich 4D-STEM datasets. The py4DSTEM analysis toolkit, written in Python, aims to extract material properties through complex analysis pipelines, with the goal of improving standards in electron microscopy data and methods.

MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Monolithic optical microlithography of high-density elastic circuits

Yu-Qing Zheng et al.

Summary: This study presents a monolithic optical microlithographic process that directly micro-patterns a set of elastic electronic materials by sequential ultraviolet light-triggered solubility modulation. The experimental results show the ability to fabricate transistors with a channel length of 2 micrometers at high density, as well as the fabrication of multiple elastic circuits.

SCIENCE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A design strategy for high mobility stretchable polymer semiconductors

Jaewan Mun et al.

Summary: This study presents a simple and universal strategy to achieve intrinsically stretchable semiconducting polymers with controlled multi-scale ordering, improving their stretchability and mechanical reversibility. By incorporating two types of co-monomer units, overall crystallinity and longer-range orders are reduced while maintaining high mobility, leading to improved mechanical properties. The proposed molecular design concept is observed to be applicable to various conjugated polymer systems, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ultrafast, sensitive, and portable detection of COVID-19 IgG using flexible organic electrochemical transistors

Hong Liu et al.

Summary: A rapid, low-cost, and portable SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection platform based on OECTs was reported, with remote control via mobile phone. By optimizing ion concentrations and pH values, specific detection of the virus was achieved in minutes, showing promise in the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering

Cy M. Jeffries et al.

Summary: Small-angle scattering (SAS) is a technique used to probe the structural organization of matter and quantify its response to changes in external conditions. By analyzing SAS data, information about length scale distributions of material components can be obtained. This method is widely used in structural biology as well as in the soft-matter and hard-matter sciences.

NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Building crystal structures of conjugated polymers through X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling

Ze-Fan Yao et al.

Summary: This study establishes possible crystal structures of eight typical conjugated polymers and models their packing structures based on synchrotron X-ray diffractions and molecular simulations. The crystal structures serve as a new platform to predict the packing structures of more related polymer systems, extending the molecular scope. The polymer crystal structure database enables the prediction of multiscale microstructures and charge transport properties of conjugated polymers before experiments, eliminating trial-and-error approaches and accelerating the design of high-performance conjugated polymers.

SMARTMAT (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Influence of solution-state aggregation on conjugated polymer crystallization in thin films and microwire crystals

Yu-Qing Zheng et al.

Summary: This study systematically investigated the effect of side chain engineering on solution-state aggregation, crystallization, and charge transport in BDOPV-based conjugated polymers. The results demonstrate that subtle differences in side chain chemical structures significantly influence the organization of intermolecular displacements and crystalline domain sizes in microwires and thin films. Furthermore, it was found that far branched side chains lead to larger polymer aggregates in solution and larger crystalline domains in solid films, ultimately increasing electron mobility with values surpassing 10 cm(2) V-1 s(-1).
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High-performance polymer field-effect transistors: from the perspective of multi-level microstructures

Ze-Fan Yao et al.

Summary: The multi-level microstructure of conjugated polymers plays a critical role in determining the performance of FETs. Controlling molecular structures, solution-state aggregation, and polymer crystal structures is essential for developing high-performance polymer FETs. By tuning polymer hierarchical microstructures, guidelines can be provided for the advancement of polymer electronics.

CHEMICAL SCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Engineering the Interfacial Materials of Organic Field-Effect Transistors for Efficient Charge Transport

Deyang Ji et al.

Summary: Efficient charge transport in OFETs is crucial for constructing high-performance devices and further understanding the intrinsic properties of organic semiconductor materials. Research on interface materials and related interface engineering offers a promising approach for optimizing charge transport capabilities.

ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH (2021)

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Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors

Bryan D. Paulsen et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2020)

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A High-Performance Solution-Processed Organic Photodetector for Near-Infrared Sensing

Jianfei Huang et al.

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Controlling the Microstructure of Conjugated Polymers in High-Mobility Monolayer Transistors via the Dissolution Temperature

Mengmeng Li et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

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Li Ding et al.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Graphene Liquid Cells Assembled through Loop-Assisted Transfer Method and Located with Correlated Light-Electron Microscopy

Pauline M. G. van Deursen et al.

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A Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-c′]Dithiophene-4,8-Dione-Based Polymer Donor Achieving an Efficiency Over 16%

Pengjie Chao et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

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Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead-End or Bright Future?

Guillaume Schweicher et al.

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Imaging Beam-Sensitive Materials by Electron Microscopy

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Solution-Processed Transparent Electrodes for Emerging Thin-Film Solar Cells

Yaokang Zhang et al.

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Nam-Gyu Park et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2020)

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Yongqiang Shi et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

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Lilia S. Xie et al.

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CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2020)

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18% Efficiency organic solar cells

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NATURE MATERIALS (2020)

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Andrew Wadsworth et al.

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ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2020)

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Yang Lu et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

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A thermally activated and highly miscible dopant for n-type organic thermoelectrics

Chi-Yuan Yang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Meniscus-guided coating of organic crystalline thin films for high-performance organic field-effect transistors

Zhengjun Lu et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2020)

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Advances in Conjugated Microporous Polymers

Jet-Sing M. Lee et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2020)

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CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2020)

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A review of non-fullerene polymer solar cells: from device physics to morphology control

Robert S. Gurney et al.

REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS (2019)

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Printed subthreshold organic transistors operating at high gain and ultralow power

Chen Jiang et al.

SCIENCE (2019)

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Recent Advances in n-Type Thermoelectric Nanocomposites

Junhui Tang et al.

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Yimeng Sun et al.

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (2019)

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Akanksha K. Menon et al.

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (2019)

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Thermoelectric Properties of PEDOT:PSS

Zeng Fan et al.

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (2019)

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Jennifer Y. Gerasimov et al.

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Internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistor: A building block for integrated bioelectronics

George D. Spyropoulos et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2019)

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From Isotropic to Anisotropic Conductivities in P(NDI2OD-T2) by (Electro-)Chemical Doping Strategies

Yannic M. Gross et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2019)

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Multi-scale ordering in highly stretchable polymer semiconducting films

Jie Xu et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2019)

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Hio-Ieng Un et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2019)

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Diffusion-Limited Crystallization: A Rationale for the Thermal Stability of Non-Fullerene Solar Cells

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

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In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials and Devices

Zheng Fan et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2019)

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Rigid Coplanar Polymers for Stable n-Type Polymer Thermoelectrics

Yang Lu et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2019)

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Strategies To Enhance the Conductivity of n-Type Polymer Thermoelectric Materials

Yang Lu et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2019)

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Impact of polymorphism on the optoelectronic properties of a low-bandgap semiconducting polymer

Mengmeng Li et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Dopant-Induced Ordering of Amorphous Regions in Regiorandom P3HT

Patrick Y. Yee et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2019)

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Tuning conformation, assembly, and charge transport properties of conjugated polymers by printing flow

Kyung Sun Park et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2019)

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Selenium-Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymer for High-Performance p-Type Organic Thermoelectric Materials

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ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2019)

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Fast Deposition of Aligning Edge-On Polymers for High-Mobility Ambipolar Transistors

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ADVANCED MATERIALS (2019)

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Pyrazine-Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP): A New Polymer Building Block for High-Performance n-Type Organic Thermoelectrics

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2019)

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Control of Crystallite Orientation in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Semiconducting Polymers via Tuning of Intermolecular Interactions

Sung Yun Son et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

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Kinetically Controlled Crystallization in Conjugated Polymer Films for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Yeon-Ju Kim et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2019)

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Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Terpolymers Toward High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells

Dongfeng Dang et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2019)

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Controlling aggregate formation in conjugated polymers by spin-coating below the critical temperature of the disorder-order transition

Markus Reichenberger et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS (2018)

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High Performance Thermoelectric Materials: Progress and Their Applications

Lei Yang et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2018)

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ADVANCED MATERIALS (2018)

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Recent Progress in High-Mobility Organic Transistors: A Reality Check

Alexandra F. Paterson et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2018)

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Uniaxial Alignment of Conjugated Polymer Films for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Dongyoon Khim et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2018)

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Conducting Polymers in the Fields of Energy, Environmental Remediation, and Chemical-Chiral Sensors

Jorge G. Ibanez et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2018)

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Diversifying Cross-Coupling Strategies, Catalysts and Monomers for the Controlled Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers

Matthew A. Baker et al.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2018)

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Ionic Liquid Designed for PEDOT:PSS Conductivity Enhancement

Ambroise de Izarra et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2018)

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Efficient Charge Transport in Disordered Conjugated Polymer Microstructures

Rodrigo Noriega

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Strategies for Preparing Graphene Liquid Cells for Transmission Electron Microscopy

Martin Textor et al.

NANO LETTERS (2018)

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Correlating the Seebeck coefficient of thermoelectric polymer thin films to their charge transport mechanism

Ioannis Petsagkourakis et al.

ORGANIC ELECTRONICS (2018)

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Fused electron deficient semiconducting polymers for air stable electron transport

Ada Onwubiko et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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The meniscus-guided deposition of semiconducting polymers

Xiaodan Gu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Morphology Control in Organic Solar Cells

Fuwen Zhao et al.

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Influence of crystallinity on the thermoelectric power factor of P3HT vapour-doped with F4TCNQ

Jonna Hynynen et al.

RSC ADVANCES (2018)

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Fred Wudl's fifty-year contribution to organic semiconductors

Qichun Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2018)

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Nature and Extent of Solution Aggregation Determines the Performance of P(NDI2OD-T2) Thin-Film Transistors

Masrur M. Nahid et al.

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (2018)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Organic electrochemical transistors

Jonathan Rivnay et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2018)

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All-organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials for organic light-emitting diodes

Yuchao Liu et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2018)

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Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging with Nonfullerene-Based Photodetectors

Nicola Gasparini et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES (2018)

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Understanding morphology-mobility dependence in PEDOT:Tos

Nicolas Rolland et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS (2018)

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Doping: A Key Enabler for Organic Transistors

Yong Xu et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2018)

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Aggregation and Solubility of a Model Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Polymer

Daniel R. Reid et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2018)

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Electronic properties of isoindigo-based conjugated polymers bearing urea-containing and linear alkyl side chains

Brynn P. Charron et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Correlation of Coexistent Charge Transfer States in F(4)TCNQ-Doped P3HT with Microstructure

Bharati Neelamraju et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2018)

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Semiconducting polymer blends that exhibit stable charge transport at high temperatures

Aristide Gumyusenge et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

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Masahiro Nakano et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2017)

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AFM-IR: Technology and Applications in Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging

Alexandre Dazzi et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2017)

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Temperature Induced Order-Disorder Transition in Solutions of Conjugated Polymers Probed by Optical Spectroscopy

Fabian Panzer et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2017)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Charge-transport model for conducting polymers

Stephen Dongmin Kang et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2017)

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Recent Developments in Chain-Growth Polymerizations of Conjugated Polymers

Melissa P. Aplan et al.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2017)

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Quantitative Analysis of Electron Beam Damage in Organic Thin Films

Zino J. W. A. Leijten et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2017)

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Impact of backbone fluorination on nanoscale morphology and excitonic coupling in polythiophenes

Zhongjian Hu et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

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Chain conformations and phase behavior of conjugated polymers

Brooke Kuei et al.

SOFT MATTER (2017)

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Interfaced conducting polymers

J. Stejskal et al.

SYNTHETIC METALS (2017)

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Side-chain modulation of dithienofluorene-based copolymers to achieve high field-effect mobilities

Chia-Hao Lee et al.

CHEMICAL SCIENCE (2017)

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Ionic Circuits Powered by Reverse Electrodialysis for an Ultimate Iontronic System

Seok Hee Han et al.

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Katharina Broch et al.

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (2017)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Conductivity Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS via Addition of Chloroplatinic Acid and Its Mechanism

Falin Wu et al.

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (2017)

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Flexible Field-Effect Transistor-Type Sensors Based on Conjugated Molecules

Yoon Ho Lee et al.

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Morphology controls the thermoelectric power factor of a doped semiconducting polymer

Shrayesh N. Patel et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2017)

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Polythiophene: From Fundamental Perspectives to Applications

Thaneshwor P. Kaloni et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2017)

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Effects of Bithiophene Imide Fusion on the Device Performance of Organic Thin-Film Transistors and All-Polymer Solar Cells

Yingfeng Wang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2017)

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Thermoelectric Polymer Aerogels for Pressure-Temperature Sensing Applications

Shaobo Han et al.

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Synthesis of Ladder Polymers: Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities

Yew Chin Teo et al.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2017)

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Liquid-Cell Electron Microscopy of Adsorbed Polymers

Kandula Hima Nagamanasa et al.

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Design of Donor Polymers with Strong Temperature-Dependent Aggregation Property for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics

Huawei Hu et al.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2017)

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Morphology Development in Solution-Processed Functional Organic Blend Films: An In Situ Viewpoint

Lee J. Richter et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2017)

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Lactate Detection in Tumor Cell Cultures Using Organic Transistor Circuits

Marcel Braendlein et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2017)

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Nucleation, Growth, and Alignment of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanofibers for High-Performance OFETs

Nils E. Persson et al.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2017)

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Matchmaking in Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation: Optimizing Catalysts based on Mechanistic Insight

Amanda K. Leone et al.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2016)

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Molecular Electrical Doping of Organic Semiconductors: Fundamental Mechanisms and Emerging Dopant Design Rules

Ingo Salzmann et al.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2016)

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Seyoung Kee et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2016)

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Thermoelectric Polymers and their Elastic Aerogels

Zia Ullah Khan et al.

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Fullerene-Free Polymer Solar Cells with over 11% Efficiency and Excellent Thermal Stability

Wenchao Zhao et al.

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Thermoelectric Properties of Solution-Processed n-Doped Ladder-Type Conducting Polymers

Suhao Wang et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2016)

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Simon Muench et al.

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Bjorn Lussem et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2016)

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Huifeng Yao et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2016)

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Organic Optoelectronic Materials: Mechanisms and Applications

Oksana Ostroverkhova

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2016)

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Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization: Simplicity for Conjugated Polymer Synthesis

Jean-Remi Pouliot et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2016)

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Renee Kroon et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2016)

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Markus Grandl et al.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2016)

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Side-Chain-Induced Rigid Backbone Organization of Polymer Semiconductors through Semifluoroalkyl Side Chains

Boseok Kang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2016)

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Solution-processed organic thermoelectric materials exhibiting doping-concentration-dependent polarity

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