4.6 Review

Transition Metal-Free Aromatic C-H, C-N, C-S and C-O Borylation

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Summary: A simple electrochemically mediated method for converting nitroarenes to aryl boronic esters is described. This method enables the electrochemical borylation of a wide range of nitroarenes, including late-stage borylation of bioactive molecules, under simple conditions at room temperature, demonstrating its broad applicability and functional group tolerance. The transformation provides a convenient and practical access to aryl boronic esters from readily available nitroarenes, streamlining the synthetic process of diverse functionalized arenes.

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Summary: In this study, a visible-light-induced C-5 selective C-H borylation method of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via Minisci-type radical borylation reaction was successfully developed for the first time. This sustainable protocol provides a new approach to prepare regioselectively C5-borylated imidazopyridines, which would otherwise be challenging to synthesize, and serves as a supplement to the site-selective borylation of azines and the assembly of sp(2) carbon-boron bond.

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Linlin Du et al.

Summary: The C-N borylation of arylhydrazine hydrochlorides with bis(pinacolato)diboron was successfully achieved using photochemical and electrochemical conditions, providing two efficient and mild transition-metal-free synthetic routes towards aryl boronate esters from readily available arylhydrazines.

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Summary: The study developed a metal-free P(III)-directed phosphine C-H borylation method, mediated by BBr3, to synthesize products containing both phosphorus and boron. The metal-free strategy features low cost, practicality, and environmental friendliness.

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Shuohan Ji et al.

Summary: In this study, unreactive C-N bonds in anilines were successfully activated through photoinduced aerobic borylation, leading to the conversion of a variety of tertiary and secondary anilines to aryl boronate esters in moderate to good yields with wide functional group tolerance. This transformation provides a direct and convenient route for converting readily available anilines into useful aryl boronate esters.

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Regioselective Transition-Metal-Free C(sp2)-H Borylation: A Subject of Practical and Ongoing Interest in Synthetic Organic Chemistry

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Summary: Considerable advances have been made in the field of C-H functionalization, with special interest in C-H borylation due to its wide applications. Transition-metal-catalyzed regioselective strategies have been developed, but the use of precious metals and contamination by metal precursors limit their application in large-scale synthesis. Recent trends involve the use of transition-metal-free systems.

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C4-Selective C-H Borylation of Pyridinium Derivatives Driven by Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes

Wonjun Choi et al.

Summary: The photoinduced C4-selective C-H borylation of pyridines was achieved using electron donor-acceptor complexes derived from a Lewis base and N-amidopyridinium salts under external oxidant-and photocatalyst-free conditions. This approach provides a versatile platform for the installation of both phosphite-and amine-coordinated boron groups on a series of pyridines under mild conditions, demonstrating excellent C4-positional selectivity for the pyridine scaffolds.

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SCIENCE CHINA-CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Photoinduced Divergent Deaminative Borylation and Hydrodeamination of Primary Aromatic Amines

Akira Shiozuka et al.

Summary: This study developed a divergent deaminative borylation and hydrodeamination of primary aromatic amines using bis(pinacolato)diboron. These transformations can be switched by the reaction conditions. Mechanistic and computational studies suggested that the cleavage of the C-N bond and the formation of C-B bond do not involve free aryl radical intermediates, but hydrodeamination proceeds via hydrogen atom transfer between the corresponding aryl radical and an ethereal solvent.

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Adamantane-1-Carbonyl-Directed C-H Borylation and Hydroxylation of Benzenethiols

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