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Article
Chemistry, Physical
Patrick Sarkezi-Selsky et al.
Summary: Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are a promising technology for clean drivetrain solutions, particularly for heavy-duty applications. This study simulated the transport of liquid water in gas diffusion layers and investigated the effects of degradation on breakthrough characteristics.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xin Shi et al.
Summary: This study investigates the effects of crack properties in the micro porous layer (MPL) on liquid water saturation, liquid pathway formation, and two-phase mass transport mechanism in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) using a three-dimensional volume of fluid (VOF) model. The results show that the overlap between MPL and gas diffusion layer (GDL) determines the preferred liquid emerging port, while the crack shape has little influence on the liquid water transport.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tien-Fu Yang et al.
Summary: This study focuses on the effects of manufacturing processes and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) content on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), with findings showing that carbon black types, humidification temperature, and FEP content in carbon paper have significant impacts on the cell performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Guofu Ren et al.
Summary: The study utilized electrospinning to create gas diffusion layers with a nanoscale pore structure to alleviate membrane dehydration in PEMFCs, increasing breakthrough pressure and hydrophobicity. This resulted in improved performance and lifespan of hydrogen fuel cell engines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Rui Jiao Yu et al.
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional, non-isothermal, two-phase agglomerate model considering the porosity difference of the gas diffusion layer was established, and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of different coefficients on the overall cell performance. The results showed that different coefficients have varying effects on the cell characteristics at different voltages.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Xu Han et al.
Summary: In this study, the effects of porosity on the performance of high-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) were investigated. The results showed that increasing the average degree of porosity can improve the oxygen distribution uniformity in the catalytic layer and affect the electrical conductivity and ohmic resistance of the cells. The heterogeneity of porosity also has an impact on the cell performance.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
X. R. Wang et al.
Summary: Managing water content in PEMFCs is crucial, as both excess or lack of water can impact performance and lifespan. Monitoring water flow and accumulation is an effective way to determine the situation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Like Yue et al.
Summary: The study found that placing the hydrophobic area of the GDL on the channel in a fuel cell can improve performance by allowing water to accumulate more under the rib, while placing the hydrophobic area under the rib leads to a more uniform water distribution but decreased performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Kaito Shigemasa et al.
Summary: Water management is critical for the function of PEMFC, and the temperature gradient of the cathode GDL plays a significant role. Research has shown that a temperature difference can lead to a drastic decrease in PEMFC performance due to different preferential sites for water condensation.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Paul C. Okonkwo et al.
Summary: This paper summarizes the key additives of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) related to water formation and delivery, as well as the material properties that influence GDL and overall PEMFC performance. It also discusses the potential consequences of improperly managed water transport in causing poor fuel cell performance and failure. The paper suggests further experimental and numerical studies to better understand the relationship between fuel cell failure and PEMFC component materials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiadong Liao et al.
Summary: This study investigates the effects of factors such as structure, wettability, and rib-channel width ratio on liquid water transport in gas diffusion layers (GDL) using a multiphase lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) model. The research findings show capillary fingering behavior of liquid water in GDL, as well as the impact of carbon fiber diameter and porosity on water saturation and breakthrough time. Overall, factors like porosity, contact angle, and rib-channel width ratio significantly influence water saturation in GDL.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Christoph Csoklich et al.
Summary: The study introduces a novel material with a deterministic structure consisting of a two-layered fabric, which facilitates water transport and increases gas effective diffusivity with just one pore throat in the transport path. The regular pattern of the material provides a wide range of tuning opportunities, enhancing water management and improving cell performance.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaochen Wang et al.
Summary: H-2-O-2 polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are promising renewable energy conversion technologies, but face challenges with mass transport and water management at high current densities. The novel i-FF-GDL design proposed by the authors, utilizing 3D printing, shows up to a 15% increase in peak power density under high pressure conditions.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Tianya Li et al.
Summary: The fuel cell faces issues with reduced power due to excessive water at high current, with the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) playing a critical role. A novel GDL with improved water transferability was introduced in the study by modifying the microporous layer and carbon paper composition.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Y. Ira et al.
Summary: This study applied the pseudo-potential Lattice Boltzmann method to investigate liquid water transport in polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The research focused on the impact of hydrophilic carbon fibers in the gas diffusion layer on water saturation level and steady-state time, showing that they can lead to the formation of discontinuous water clusters. The presence of hydrophilic fibers may have both positive and negative effects on water transport in the GDL.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
X. L. Wang et al.
Summary: The study focuses on enhancing the surface hydrophobicity of commercial GDL through different methods, resulting in increased surface roughness and improved water removal capacity. By tailoring the surface roughness of carbon fibers in GDL materials, the water contact angle can be significantly increased to enhance water removal ability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuai Liu et al.
Summary: This study conducted simulation research on liquid water transfer in the flow channel with a hydrophilic pipe using the volume-of-fluid method, which proved that a hydrophilic pipe structure is more effective in removing water from the gas diffusion surface (GDL) and reducing its surface water coverage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qiaoyu Guo et al.
Summary: This study investigates the effects of novel channel designs on liquid water removal in PEMFC, compared to traditional straight channels. The one-block channel accelerates water movement but with higher pressure drop, while the separated two-block channel achieves faster water removal and smaller pressure drop through capillary wicking effect.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenxiao Chen et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yan Sun et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Utku U. Ince et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuze Hou et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Reza Omrani et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2020)
