Deciphering breast cancer: from biology to the clinic

Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, reflecting profound disease heterogeneity, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Over the last decade, genomic and transcriptomic data have been integrated on an unprecedented scale and revealed distinct cancer subtypes, critical molecular drivers, clonal evolutionary trajectories, and prognostic signatures. Furthermore, multi-dimensional integration of high-resolution single-cell and spatial technologies has highlighted the importance of the entire breast cancer ecosystem and the presence of distinct cellular neighborhoods.Clinically, a plethora of new targeted therapies has emerged, now being rapidly incorporated into routine care. Resistance to therapy, however, remains a crucial challenge for the field.

Automated summary

Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in women due to its heterogeneity, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Recent advances in genomics and transcriptomics have revealed distinct subtypes, molecular drivers, evolutionary patterns, and prognostic markers. Moreover, the integration of high-resolution single-cell and spatial technologies has revealed the significance of the breast cancer ecosystem and different cellular neighborhoods.