Is neurocognitive ageing accelerated in virally suppressed people with HIV and multimorbidity?

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Meaningful cognitive decline is uncommon in virally suppressed HIV, but sustained impairment, subtle decline and abnormal cognitive aging are not

Htein Linn Aung et al.

Summary: In Australia, high antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage and viral suppression among people with HIV (PWH) provide a unique context to study individual cognitive trajectories, cognitive aging, and factors associated with longitudinal cognitive function during chronic and stable HIV disease. Findings from this study showed that although there were subtle cognitive decline and sustained cognitive impairment, they were not different from normal expectation in chronic stable HIV disease.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Twelve-year neurocognitive decline in HIV is associated with comorbidities, not age: a CHARTER study

Robert K. Heaton et al.

Summary: In a 12-year longitudinal study of over 400 people with HIV, it was found that cognitive decline is not related to chronological age but to comorbidities. This challenges the notion of premature cognitive aging due to HIV and suggests that managing comorbidities could prevent cognitive decline in individuals with HIV.

BRAIN (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Ageing with HIV: Challenges and biomarkers

Berta Rodes et al.

Summary: Antiretroviral treatment has revolutionized the prognosis for people living with HIV, but as they age, they still face the risk of age-related diseases. Therefore, finding biomarkers for early prediction of unhealthy aging is of great importance for HIV clinical management.

EBIOMEDICINE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Elevation of cell-associated HIV-1 transcripts in CSF CD4+T cells, despite effective antiretroviral therapy, is linked to brain injury

Kazuo Suzuki et al.

Summary: This study investigated the association between elevated HIV-1 RNA transcripts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells and brain injury in people living with HIV-1 infection. The findings suggest that the cellular source of these transcripts is likely memory CD4(+) T cells from blood rather than trafficking monocytes. Future research should focus on inhibitors of this transcription to reduce potential neurotoxic and inflammatory viral products.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

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Article Immunology

Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment is a risk for symptomatic decline over a 3-year study period

Sean B. Rourke et al.

Summary: This study found that individuals with asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) were more likely to progress to symptomatic HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) compared to those who were neuropsychologically normal (NP-N). Additionally, factors such as female sex, depression, and cigarette smoking were associated with a higher risk of progression to symptomatic HAND.

AIDS (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Is There Any Evidence of Premature, Accentuated and Accelerated Aging Effects on Neurocognition in People Living with HIV? A Systematic Review

Htein Linn Aung et al.

Summary: The study aimed to investigate abnormal patterns of neurocognitive aging among PLHIV, revealing evidence of premature and accelerated cognitive aging in studies with HIV- controls, but limited evidence for accentuated aging. Findings suggested that studies with larger sample sizes, longitudinal designs, and higher proportions of older participants were more likely to detect abnormal cognitive aging among PLHIV. Future research should focus on harmonizing neuropsychological measurement methods and outcomes, as well as utilizing large samples from collaborative multi-sites for more robust evidence.

AIDS AND BEHAVIOR (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal