Percutaneous versus open posterior stabilization and decompression in AOSpine-type A3 thoracolumbar fractures with neurological deficit

BackgroundThis retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between two treatment strategies focusing on non-osteoporotic AOSpine-type A3 fractures of the thoracolumbar spine with neurological deficits at levels T11 to L2.MethodsIn total, 67 patients between 18 and 60 years of age who were treated operatively with either of the two treatment strategies were included. One treatment strategy included open posterior stabilization and decompression, whereas the other was based on percutaneous posterior stabilization and decompression via a tubular retraction system. Demographic data, surgical variables, and further parameters were assessed. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment score, were measured to assess functional outcomes. The regional Cobb angle (CA), the anterior height ratio of the fractured vertebrae (AHRV), and the degree of canal encroachment (DCE) were assessed. The ASIA score was used to assess neurological function recovery. The follow-up period was at least 12 months.ResultsSurgical time and postoperative hospital stay were significantly shorter in the minimally invasive surgery (MIS) group. Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the MIS group. Regarding radiological outcome, CA and AHRV at the time of follow-up did not show a significant difference. DCE at the time of follow-up was significantly improved in the MIS group. Lower VAS scores and better ODIs were observed in the MIS group at the 6-month follow-up, but similar outcomes were observed at the 12-month follow-up. The ASIA score was similar between both groups at the 12-month follow-up.ConclusionsBoth treatment strategies are safe and effective; however, MIS could provide earlier pain relief and better functional outcomes compared with OS.

Automated summary

This retrospective cohort study compared the clinical and radiological outcomes of two treatment strategies for non-osteoporotic AOSpine-type A3 fractures of the thoracolumbar spine with neurological deficits. The study found that minimally invasive surgery (MIS) had shorter surgical time and postoperative hospital stay, as well as less intraoperative blood loss. Radiological outcomes showed similar Cobb angle (CA) and anterior height ratio of the fractured vertebrae (AHRV) at follow-up, but improved degree of canal encroachment (DCE) in the MIS group. Functional outcomes, such as Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), were better in the MIS group at 6-month follow-up, but similar at 12-month follow-up. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score was similar between both groups at 12-month follow-up.