Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination on menstrual bleeding quantity: An observational cohort study

Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Association Between Menstrual Cycle Length and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination A US Cohort

Alison Edelman et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess whether COVID-19 vaccination is associated with changes in menstrual cycle or menses length. The findings suggest that vaccination is associated with a small change in cycle length but not menses length.

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2022)

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Letter Obstetrics & Gynecology

SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent changes in the menstrual cycle among participants in the Arizona CoVHORT study

Sana M. Khan et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2022)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

A prospective study of the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination with changes in usual menstrual cycle characteristics

Siwen Wang et al.

Summary: This study examined the associations between SARS-CoV2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination with menstrual cycle characteristics. The results showed that vaccinated women had a higher risk of experiencing longer menstrual cycles. This association was most pronounced in the first 6 months after vaccination. The type of vaccine and pandemic-related stress may play a role in these changes, and further research is needed to explore the potential biological mechanisms.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Investigating trends in those who experience menstrual bleeding changes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Katharine M. N. Lee et al.

Summary: In early 2021, many people reported unexpected menstrual bleeding after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. A web-based survey was conducted to investigate this phenomenon among a convenience sample of menstruating individuals. The results showed that a significant proportion experienced changes in their menstrual bleeding patterns, with heavier bleeding and breakthrough bleeding being the most common. Factors such as age, vaccine side effects, pregnancy history, and ethnicity were found to be associated with increased/breakthrough bleeding. It is important to acknowledge and address these experiences to foster trust in medical treatments.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2022)

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Article Immunology

Self-Reported SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Is Consistent with Electronic Health Record Data among the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership

Ashley H. Tjaden et al.

Summary: Self-reported dates and product details for COVID-19 vaccination can be a good surrogate when medical records are unavailable in large observational studies. Confirmation of dates for a subset of participants with EHR data will provide internal validity.

VACCINES (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Covid-19 vaccination and menstrual cycle length in the Apple Women's Health Study

Elizabeth A. Gibson et al.

Summary: COVID-19 vaccination may lead to a slight increase in menstrual cycle length, but this change is temporary and should not discourage individuals from getting vaccinated, according to the Apple Women's Health Study.

NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the timing and flow of menstrual periods in two cohorts

Alexandra Alvergne et al.

Summary: COVID-19 vaccination may lengthen the menstrual cycle, potentially mediated by disturbances in ovarian hormones. However, no clear association was found between the timing of vaccination within the menstrual cycle and menstrual changes.

FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of menstrual irregularities after COVID-19 vaccination: Results of the MECOVAC survey

Antonio Simone Lagana et al.

Summary: This study investigated menstrual irregularities after COVID-19 vaccination. The results showed that approximately 50-60% of reproductive-age women reported menstrual cycle irregularities after the first dose, with a slightly higher occurrence (60-70%) after the second dose. However, these irregularities typically resolved within two months.

OPEN MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Analysis of sex hormones and menstruation in COVID-19 women of child-bearing age

Kezhen Li et al.

Summary: While COVID-19 infection may affect menstrual volume and cycle length in women of child-bearing age, the average levels of sex hormones and ovarian reserve did not show significant changes. The changes observed in menstruation may be temporary and reversible, potentially attributed to transient suppression of ovarian function.

REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' Interim Recommendation for Use of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine - United States, December 2020

Sara E. Oliver et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Systemic IL-15, IFN-γ, and IP-10/CXCL10 signature associated with effective immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine recipients

Cristina Bergamaschi et al.

Summary: Early responses to vaccination play a crucial role in shaping both humoral and cellular protective immunity. This study characterizes cytokine and chemokine responses after the first and second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, highlighting the potential for biomarkers like IL-15 and IFN-gamma in predicting humoral immunity development. In previously COVID-19-infected individuals, a single vaccination can trigger strong cytokine induction and antibody responses similar to those seen in naive individuals upon booster vaccination, with implications for future public health recommendations.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact

Hannah E. Davis et al.

Summary: Patients with Long COVID report prolonged, multisystem involvement and significant disability. By seven months, many patients have not yet recovered (mainly from systemic and neurological/cognitive symptoms), have not returned to previous levels of work, and continue to experience significant symptom burden.

ECLINICALMEDICINE (2021)

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Review Immunology