An efficient data integration scheme for synthesizing information from multiple secondary datasets for the parameter inference of the main analysis

Many observational studies and clinical trials collect various secondary outcomes that may be highly correlated with the primary endpoint. These secondary outcomes are often analyzed in secondary analyses separately from the main data analysis. However, these secondary outcomes can be used to improve the estimation precision in the main analysis. We propose a method called multiple information borrowing (MinBo) that borrows information from secondary data (containing secondary outcomes and covariates) to improve the efficiency of the main analysis. The proposed method is robust against model misspecification of the secondary data. Both theoretical and case studies demonstrate that MinBo outperforms existing methods in terms of efficiency gain. We apply MinBo to data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study to assess risk factors for hypertension.

Automated summary

Many studies collect secondary outcomes that are highly correlated with the primary endpoint. These secondary outcomes are often analyzed separately from the main analysis. However, these secondary outcomes can be used to improve the efficiency of the main analysis. We propose a method called multiple information borrowing (MinBo) that utilizes secondary data to enhance the estimation precision in the main analysis. Theoretical and case studies demonstrate that MinBo outperforms existing methods in terms of efficiency gain. We apply MinBo to assess risk factors for hypertension using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.