Glucose-derived zirconium-containing mesoporous composite for efficient catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol

Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reaction has been widely acknowledged to be a mild catalytic transfer hy-drogenation method for selective reduction of biomass-derived furfural to furfuryl alcohol. Herein zirconium -containing mesoporous composite catalyst was developed through the combination of sol-gel process and soft templating method, in which naturally abundant glucose and F127 triblock copolymer were used as the ligand and pore-forming agent, respectively. The hydroxyl groups in glucose molecules were demonstrated to be co-ordinated with zirconium ion during hydrolysis-condensation of zirconium precursor, leading to the even dispersion of zirconia nanoparticles in the composite catalyst. The composite catalyst was proven to be highly efficient for catalyzing MPV reduction of furfural with the maximum furfuryl alcohol yield of 93.4% at 180 degrees C within 180 min in 2-propanol, which served as both solvent and reductant. The composite also showed a good reusability. After five consecutive reaction cycles, furfuryl alcohol yield was slightly reduced from 93.4% to 77.7%, but it could be recovered to 92.8% after the reused composite was regenerated with dilute alkali solution. Batch experiments and systematic characterizations demonstrated that the excellent catalytic performance of composite catalyst was determined by multiple factors mainly including the stronger Lewis acidity, a consid-erable amount of basic site and the rich mesoporous structure. This study provides a facile strategy to prepare multifunctional composite catalysts using naturally abundant carbohydrates as the feedstocks for lignocellulosic biorefinery.

Automated summary

A zirconium-containing mesoporous composite catalyst was developed using a sol-gel process and soft templating method, with glucose and F127 triblock copolymer as the ligand and pore-forming agent. The composite catalyst showed excellent performance in catalyzing the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction of furfural, achieving a maximum furfuryl alcohol yield of 93.4% at 180 degrees C within 180 min in 2-propanol. The catalyst also displayed good reusability.