4.4 Review

Microorganisms that produce enzymes active on biodegradable polyesters are ubiquitous

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Summary: A novel carboxylesterase (Tcca) from Thermobacillus composti KWC4 was discovered, which can effectively degrade waste synthetic polyester plastics such as PBAT and BHET, offering great potential for waste management and environmental protection.

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Screening Enzymes That Can Depolymerize Commercial Biodegradable Polymers: Heterologous Expression of Fusarium solani Cutinase in Escherichia coli

Fernando Santos-Beneit et al.

Summary: In recent years, microbial enzymes capable of degrading plastics have been discovered. Biocatalytic depolymerization mediated by enzymes has emerged as a more efficient and eco-friendly alternative for plastic treatment and recycling. However, the systematic study of depolymerase enzymes in degrading a range of plastic polymers is still lacking.

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Aqsa Kanwal et al.

Summary: This study isolated and identified PBAT-degrading bacteria from farm soil and investigated their degradation mechanism. The results showed that these bacteria had significant PBAT degradation ability, which can be utilized for bioremediation of PBAT in the environment.

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Summary: This article summarizes the current known enzymes that act on PET and PUR plastics, and integrates their activity data into a comprehensive database. Through analysis of homologs and conservation, common features of these active enzymes are identified.

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Summary: Bioplastics have the potential to contribute to a more sustainable and circular economy by reducing carbon footprint and offering advantageous material properties. However, they also face challenges such as negative agricultural impacts, competition with food production, unclear end-of-life management, and higher costs. Emerging chemical and biological methods can enable the upcycling of plastic waste into higher-quality materials. Standardization and guidelines are needed to guide purchasing choices, and clear regulations and financial incentives are essential for the large-scale adoption of bioplastics in a truly sustainable manner.

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Gulab Chand Arya et al.

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High poly ε-caprolactone biodegradation activity by a new Acinetobacter seifertii isolate

Jirawan Budkum et al.

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Enzymatic Degradation of the Most Common Aliphatic Bio-Polyesters and Evaluation of the Mechanisms Involved: An Extended Study

Antonella Rosato et al.

Summary: This study investigated the degradation ability of commercial hydrolytic enzymes belonging to different subclasses on different aliphatic polyesters. The results showed that PCL and PBSA were the most biodegradable polyesters under the conditions used in this study, while PLA and PPC were not completely degraded. Chemical analysis confirmed that the enzymatic degradation occurred homogeneously from the surface without significantly affecting the macromolecular structure and thermal stability.

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Identification of BgP, a Cutinase-Like Polyesterase From a Deep-Sea Sponge-Derived Actinobacterium

Clodagh M. Carr et al.

Summary: Many marine bacteria, including those from sea sponges, have the potential to produce polyesterase enzymes that can degrade PET plastic. In this study, a Brachybacterium ginsengisoli isolate from a deep-sea sponge was found to produce a polyesterase enzyme, named BgP. The enzyme showed high similarity to other well-characterized PET hydrolases and exhibited polyesterase activity when expressed in Escherichia coli.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Catalytic Features and Thermal Adaptation Mechanisms of a Deep Sea Bacterial Cutinase-Type Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Hydrolase

Yu Liu et al.

Summary: A novel PET degrading enzyme, MtCut, derived from a deep sea Nocardiopsaceae family strain, showed efficient hydrolysis of PET at ambient temperatures in an exo-type manner, enhanced by the addition of calcium ions. It exhibited better biocatalytic properties compared to other PET hydrolases.

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Isolation and Degradation Characteristics of PBAT Film Degrading Bacteria

Rehemanjiang Wufuer et al.

Summary: This paper screened five potential strains of PBAT film degrading bacteria from the soil sample using PBAT film as the sole carbon source. A highly efficient PBAT degrading strain JZ1 was isolated and identified as Peribacillus frigoritolerans S2313. The degradation capacity of this strain was optimized by adjusting the cultivation conditions. SEM coupled with EDX analysis showed that the microbial degradation of PBAT film primarily occurred in the amorphous regions. The biodegradation of PBAT film by Peribacillus frigoritolerans may provide a promising method for regulating the degradation progress of PBAT film in farmlands.

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Plastic-inhabiting fungi in marine environments and PCL degradation activity

Sung Hyun Kim et al.

Summary: Plastic waste has a negative impact on marine ecosystems and its quantity is increasing. This study isolated fungi from plastic waste on Korean seacoasts and evaluated their ability to degrade plastic. Certain fungal species demonstrated strong degradation capacity, providing a foundation for the development of novel bioremediation systems for marine plastic pollution.

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Extremophilic lipases for industrial applications: A general review

K. Vivek et al.

Summary: With industrialization and development in modern science, enzymes and their applications have increased widely. Lipases have attracted industrial attention due to their broad catalytic properties and other characteristics, making them suitable for various industrial processes. They have applications in detergent formulations, biofuel synthesis, and bioremediation of lipid waste in harsh environments.

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Biodegradation of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate by Priestia megaterium, Pseudomonas mendocina, and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes following incubation in the soil

Shiwei Wei et al.

Summary: This study found that a mixture of Pr. megaterium and Ps. mendocina was highly effective at biodegrading PBAT, resulting in approximately 84% weight loss of PBAT film after eight weeks of soil incubation. Mixtures of the other two species also positively affected the synergistic degradation of PBAT film in the soil, but the mixture of three species had a negative effect. The results highlight the importance of lipase secretion in the degradation process of PBAT in the soil.

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Summary: Finding alternatives to reduce plastic pollution is a major challenge in modern life. Biodegradable polymers derived from bio- and fossil-based sources have emerged as one potential solution. The biodegradation process is complex and influenced by various factors, making it important to understand the mechanisms involved. This review provides a comprehensive overview of this process, discussing the impact of enzymes, biofilms, CO2 evolution, and metabolic pathways. It also highlights the need for innovative approaches and interdisciplinary research to minimize plastic persistence in the environment.

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Patricia Torena et al.

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Norwegian Soils and Waters Contain Mesophilic, Plastic-Degrading Bacteria

Colin Charnock

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Alejandro Martinez et al.

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