Single-molecule tracking (SMT): a window into live-cell transcription biochemistry

How molecules interact governs how they move. Single-molecule tracking (SMT) thus provides a unique window into the dynamic interactions of biomolecules within live cells. Using transcription regulation as a case study, we describe how SMT works, what it can tell us about molecular biology, and how it has changed our perspective on the inner workings of the nucleus. We also describe what SMT cannot yet tell us and how new technical advances seek to overcome its limitations. This ongoing progress will be imperative to address outstanding questions about how dynamic molecular machines function in live cells.

Automated summary

The interactions between molecules determine their movement. Single-molecule tracking (SMT) provides a unique means to observe the dynamic interactions of biomolecules within live cells. This article discusses the working principle of SMT, its implications in molecular biology, and how it has revolutionized our understanding of nuclear processes. The article also highlights the current limitations of SMT and explores new technical advancements that aim to overcome these limitations.