The role of diet in shaping human gut microbiota

Gut microbiota plays a fundamental role within human health, and exerts key functions within the human body. Diet is one of the most powerful modulators of gut microbiota functions and composition. This complex interplay involves also the immune system and the intestinal barrier, highlighting the central role of diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple diseases. In this review article we will paint the landscape of the effects of specific dietary nutrients, and of the detrimental or beneficial outcomes of different dietary patterns, on the composition of human gut microbiota. Moreover, we will discuss the potential application of diet as a therapeutic modulator of gut microbiota, including cutting-edge ways of exploitation, including the use of dietary components as adjuvants to promote microbial engraftment after fecal microbiota transplantation, or personalized nutritional approaches, targeted to the patient microbiome.

Automated summary

Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and has significant impacts on the body. Diet has a powerful influence on the functions and composition of gut microbiota, involving the immune system and the intestinal barrier. In this review article, we discuss the effects of specific dietary nutrients and patterns on the composition of human gut microbiota, as well as the potential application of diet as a therapeutic modulator for gut microbiota.