Short cervix and preterm birth in the top end

BackgroundReducing rates of preterm birth (PTB) remains a significant challenge. The Northern Territory (NT) records some of the highest rates of PTB in the country, especially in First Nations women. In 2014, a Western Australian (WA) preterm birth prevention initiative involved the implementation of seven key initiatives. One of these was routine mid-trimester cervical length measurement. The initiative successfully reduced PTB rates following its first year of implementation. This was the first successful reduction in PTB, including the earlier gestational ages, across a population. AimsTo assess the uptake of routine cervical length measurement in the Top End of the NT after the success of the WA PTB prevention initiative and assess if treatment of a short cervix improved PTB rates. MethodsA retrospective cohort study of all women who received antenatal care and delivered their baby at the NT's only tertiary hospital was performed. Mid-trimester ultrasound scan data were collected from two separate time windows, before and after the implementation of the WA intervention. Treatments and gestational age at birth were recorded. ResultsAdoption of routine screening of cervical length measurement at mid-trimester ultrasound in the NT was successful, increasing from 4 to 88%. Detection rates of short cervix doubled. However, there was no difference to PTB rates despite targeted management. ConclusionPTB remains a significant challenge in the NT, especially for First Nations women who are found to have a short cervix more commonly than non-Indigenous women in the Top End.

Automated summary

This study retrospectively assessed the uptake of mid-trimester cervical length measurement in the Northern Territory of Australia and investigated the impact of treating a short cervix on preterm birth rates. The results showed an increase in the adoption of cervical length measurement, but no reduction in preterm birth rates.