It's all relative: analyzing microbiome compositions, its significance, pathogenesis and microbiota derived biofilms: Challenges and opportunities for disease intervention

Concept of microorganisms has largely been perceived from their pathogenic view point. Nevertheless, it is being gradually revisited in terms of its significance to human health and now appears to be the most dominant force that shapes the immune system of the human body and also determines an individual's predisposition to diseases. Human inhabits bacterial diversity (which is predominant among all microbial communities in human body) occupying 0.3% of body mass, known as microbiota. On birth, a part of microbiota that child obtains is essentially a mother's legacy. So, the review was initiated with this critical topic of microbiotal inheritance. Since, each body site has distinct physiological specifications; therefore, they contain discrete microbiome composition that has been separately discussed along with dysbiosis-induced pathologies originating in different body organs. Factors affecting microbiome composition and may cause dysbiosis like antibiotics, delivery, feeding method etc. as well as the strategies that immune system adopts to prevent dysbiosis have been highlighted. We also tried to bring into attention the topic of dysbiosis induced biofilms, that enables cohort to survive stresses, evolve, disseminate and infection resurgence that is still in dormancy. Eventually, we put spotlight on microbiome significance in medical therapeutics. We didn't merely confine article to gut microbiota, that is being studied more extensively. Numerous community forms at diverse body sites are inter-related, and being exposed to awfully variable perturbations appear to be challenging to evaluate perturbation risks holistically. All aspects have been elaborately discussed to achieve a global depiction of human microbiota in order to meet urgent necessity for protocol standardisation.

Automated summary

The concept of microorganisms has often been viewed from a pathogenic perspective, but it is now being reconsidered for its importance to human health. Microorganisms play a major role in shaping the human immune system and predisposing individuals to diseases. The human body is inhabited by a diverse range of bacteria, known as the microbiota, which makes up 0.3% of body mass. This review focuses on the inheritance of microbiota, the composition of microbiome in different body sites, dysbiosis-induced pathologies, factors affecting microbiome composition, strategies of the immune system to prevent dysbiosis, dysbiosis-induced biofilms, and the significance of microbiome in medical therapeutics. The article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of human microbiota for the urgent need of protocol standardization.