An effective and eco-friendly sonochemical multicomponent synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles via modified silica-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles by tungstic acid

This research is providing a method for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole derivatives based on pursuing the green chemistry principles. Therefore, a one-pot multicomponent cyclocondensation reaction through aldehyde interaction with ammonium acetate and 1,2-diketone was carried out in EtOH:H2O solvent under ultrasound irradiation. This protocol was utilized as an eco-effective synthetic route by applying CoFe2O4@SiO2@(-CH2)(3)OWO3H nanocomposite as a nanocatalyst. The stabilized tungstic acid on 3-chloropropyl anchored to SiO2-coated CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles was designed, prepared, and applied as a recyclable heterogeneous acid catalyst to attain high product yields and short reaction times. The structure of nanocatalyst was confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques, and the obtained organic derivatives were examined through melting point, FT-IR, and H-1 NMR analyses.

Automated summary

This study presents a method for synthesizing 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole derivatives using green chemistry principles. A one-pot multicomponent cyclocondensation reaction was carried out under ultrasound irradiation in EtOH:H2O solvent, utilizing CoFe2O4@SiO2@(-CH2)(3)OWO3H nanocomposite as a nanocatalyst. The nanocatalyst, consisting of stabilized tungstic acid on 3-chloropropyl anchored to SiO2-coated CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles, served as a recyclable heterogeneous acid catalyst to achieve high product yields and short reaction times. The structure of the nanocatalyst was confirmed through various techniques, and the obtained organic derivatives were analyzed through melting point, FT-IR, and H-1 NMR analyses.