期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY
卷 74, 期 -, 页码 259-283出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070122-032532
关键词
chloroplast; plastid; proteasome; protein translocation; proteolysis; ubiquitin
Chloroplasts are plant organelles responsible for photosynthesis and other vital functions, and their complex proteome is controlled by diverse processes of protein translocation and degradation. Most chloroplast proteins are imported from the cytosol and then sorted to different organellar subcompartments. Chloroplast proteolysis involves proteases of prokaryotic origin and the nucleocytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome system, which regulate protein import and reconfigure chloroplast functions in response to developmental and environmental signals.
Chloroplasts are the defining plant organelles with responsibility for photosynthesis and other vital functions. To deliver these functions, they possess a complex proteome comprising thousands of largely nucleus-encoded proteins. Composition of the proteome is controlled by diverse processes affecting protein translocation and degradation-our focus here. Most chloroplast proteins are imported from the cytosol via multiprotein translocons in the outer and inner envelope membranes (the TOC and TIC complexes, respectively), or via one of several noncanonical pathways, and then sorted by different systems to organellar subcompartments. Chloroplast proteolysis is equally complex, involving the concerted action of internal proteases of prokaryotic origin and the nucleocytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS degrades unimported proteins in the cytosol and chloroplast-resident proteins via chloroplast-associated protein degradation (CHLORAD). The latter targets the TOC apparatus to regulate protein import, as well as numerous internal proteins directly, to reconfigure chloroplast functions in response to developmental and environmental signals.
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