mRNA Regulation by RNA Modifications

Chemical modifications on mRNA represent a critical layer of gene expression regulation. Research in this area has continued to accelerate over the last decade, as more modifications are being characterized with increasing depth and breadth. mRNA modifications have been demonstrated to influence nearly every step from the early phases of transcript synthesis in the nucleus through to their decay in the cytoplasm, but in many cases, the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes remain mysterious. Here, we highlight recent work that has elucidated the roles of mRNA modifications throughout the mRNA life cycle, describe gaps in our understanding and remaining open questions, and offer some forward-looking perspective on future directions in the field.

Automated summary

Chemical modifications on mRNA play a crucial role in gene expression regulation, and research in this area has been rapidly advancing in the past decade. mRNA modifications have been found to influence various stages of mRNA life cycle, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. This article summarizes recent studies that have shed light on the roles of mRNA modifications, identifies knowledge gaps and unanswered questions, and provides insights for future research directions in this field.