Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Young Adult Patients

BackgroundPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) affects 2% of Americans over 55 years of age, and is less common in younger patients. Pediatric PHPT patients have higher rates of multigland disease (MGD). We studied young adult patients to determine whether they have similarly elevated rates of MGD and would benefit from routine bilateral neck exploration.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for PHPT (2000-2019). Cohorts were defined by age: Group A (18-40 years) and Group B (> 40 years). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsOf 3889 patients with PHPT, 9.1% (n = 352) were included in Group A. On multivariate analysis, multiple endocrine neoplasia (odds ratio [OR] 6.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1-12.7), male sex (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.5), family history of PHPT (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.6-4.8), prior parathyroidectomy (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.6-3.0), and non-localizing imaging (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.1) were associated with MGD; younger age was not an independent risk factor. In patients with sporadic PHPT (n = 3833), family history was most strongly associated with MGD (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.2-7.3).ConclusionsIn our population of patients with sporadic PHPT, a positive family history of PHPT was strongly associated with MGD; additional associations were found with prior parathyroidectomy, non-localizing imaging, and male sex. Younger age was not an independent risk factor. Age alone in the absence of a family history should not raise suspicion for MGD nor determine the need for bilateral neck exploration.

Automated summary

This study aimed to investigate whether young adult patients have a high rate of multigland disease (MGD) and whether routine bilateral neck exploration is necessary. The results showed that in addition to a positive family history, age alone was not an independent risk factor for MGD.