Surgical Outcomes in Patients With Low-risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma From MAeSTro StudyImmediate Operation Versus Delayed Operation After Active SurveillanceA Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: To investigate surgical, and clinical outcomes in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) according to treatment options [immediate operation (IOP) vs delayed operation after active surveillance (AS) (DOP)].Background: AS has been adopted as an alternative to immediate surgery in patients with low-risk PTMC. Although some patients undergo surgery during AS, there is little information on surgical, and clinical outcomes after delayed operation after AS.Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study including 1177 patients was conducted at 3 tertiary hospitals in Korea from June 2016 to January 2020. Patients with low-risk PTMC were enrolled. The participants were self-assigned into AS or IOP, and during AS, the patients underwent surgery if there were signs of disease progression or if the patient's choice changed.Results: A total of 516 patients underwent operation; 384 (74.4%) in the IOP group and 132 (25.6%) in the DOP group. Compared with the IOP group, the DOP group was significantly associated with a larger tumor size (P=0.002), higher rates of lymphatic invasion (P=0.002), and multifocality (P=0.008). However, the rates of total thyroidectomy, postoperative hypoparathyroidism and vocal cord palsy did not differ significantly between the groups (P= 0.283, P=0.184, and P=0.284, respectively). Of the 132 patients in the DOP group, disease progression was present in 39 (29.5%) patients. The DOP group with disease progression had a significantly higher rate of lymph node metastasis (P=0.021) and radioiodine therapy (P=0.025) than the DOP group without disease progression.Conclusions: These results suggest that AS might be considered an alternative treatment option for patients with low-risk PTMC regarding the extent of thyroidectomy and postoperative complications in the DOP group. To assess oncologic outcomes, long-term follow-up will be needed.

Automated summary

This study investigated the surgical and clinical outcomes of active surveillance (AS) and delayed operation after AS (DOP) in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The results suggest that AS might be a viable alternative treatment option for low-risk PTMC patients, reducing the extent of thyroidectomy and postoperative complications in the DOP group.