Calcium signaling and cell proliferation

Cell proliferation is orchestrated through diverse proteins related to calcium (Ca2+) signaling inside the cell. Cellular Ca2+ influx that occurs first by various mechanisms at the plasma membrane, is then followed by absorption of Ca2+ ions by mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and, finally, there is a connection of calcium stores to the nucleus. Experimental evidence indicates that the fluctuation of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum provides a pivotal and physiological role for cell proliferation. Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmatic reticulum triggers Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane in an phenomenon called store-operated calcium entries (SOCEs). SOCE is activated through a complex interplay between a Ca2+ sensor, denominated STIM, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and a Ca2+ channel at the cell membrane, denominated Orai. The interplay between STIM and Orai proteins with cell membrane receptors and their role in cell proliferation is discussed in this review. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.