High-Energy Storage Density and Efficiency of the xBi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3-(1-x)(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 (0.08 ≤ x ≤ 0.14) Lead-Free Perovskite Structured Ceramics

The compounds xBi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O-3-(1 - x)(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 (xBMN-(1 - x)BST, 0.08 <= x <= 0.14) are prepared via the traditional solid-state reaction method and the ceramics are well densified in the sintering temperature range of 1280-1330 degrees C. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that all the ceramics crystallize into perovskite structure. Proper amounts of BMN additions can effectively reduce grain sizes of the xBMN-(1 - x)BST ceramics, resulting in more uniform microstructures. Accordingly, breakdown strength E-b is improved and a maximum value 250 kV cm(-1) is obtained in ceramic with x = 0.10. Meanwhile, recoverable energy storage density W-rec of the 0.1BMN-0.9BST ceramics reaches 2.03 J cm(-3), and energy storage efficiency (eta) is 96.8%. When the operating temperature increases to 150 degrees C, the W-rec and eta values are about 1.02 J cm(-3) under 150 kV cm(-1) and 89.8%, respectively.

Automated summary

The compounds xBi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O-3-(1 - x)(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 (xBMN-(1 - x)BST, 0.08 <= x <= 0.14) were synthesized using the traditional solid-state reaction method and were well sintered at temperatures ranging from 1280 to 1330 degrees C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the perovskite structure of the ceramics. The addition of BMN effectively reduced the grain size and resulted in more uniform microstructures, leading to improved breakdown strength and energy storage properties.