Advances in Enantiomer-Dependent Nanotherapeutics

Thenanoscale properties of nanomaterials, especially nanoparticles,including size, shape, and surface charge, have been extensively studiedfor their impact on nanomedicine. Given the inherent chiral natureof biological systems and their high enantiomeric selectivity, thereis rising interest to manipulate the chirality of nanomaterials toenhance their biomolecular interactions and improve nanotherapeutics.Chiral nanostructures are currently more prevalently used in biosensingand diagnostic applications owing to their distinctive physical andoptical properties, but they hold great promise for use in nanomedicine.In this Review, we first discuss stereospecific interactions betweenchiral nanomaterials and biomolecules before comparing the synthesisand characterization methods of chiral nanoparticles and nanoassemblies.Finally, we examine the applications of chiral nanotherapeutics incancer, immunomodulation, and neurodegenerative diseases and proposeplausible mechanisms in which chiral nanomaterials interact with cellsfor biological manipulation. This Review on chirality is a timelyreminder of the arsenal of nanoscale modifications to boost researchin nanotherapeutics.

Automated summary

This review discusses the nano-scale properties of nanomaterials, focusing on nanoparticles, and their impact on nanomedicine. It explores the potential of manipulating the chirality of nanomaterials to enhance biomolecular interactions and improve nanotherapeutics. The review also examines the synthesis, characterization, and applications of chiral nanoparticles, particularly in cancer, immunomodulation, and neurodegenerative diseases, and proposes possible mechanisms for the interaction between chiral nanomaterials and cells for biological manipulation. This timely reminder emphasizes the importance of nanoscale modifications in advancing nanotherapeutics research.