4.6 Review

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: A systematic review

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Post-COVID-19 syndrome and humoral response association after 1 year in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients

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Relationship between changes in symptoms and antibody titers after a single vaccination in patients with Long COVID

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Summary: This study evaluated the changes in symptoms and antibody titers in patients with Long COVID after vaccination. Some patients experienced symptom relief, while others experienced worsening. The worsened group had a higher increase in antibody titers, indicating a possible link between excessive immune response and worsening of sequelae.

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Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Summary: This study analyzed the US Department of Veterans Affairs national healthcare databases to investigate the occurrence of Long COVID and death risk after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings showed that vaccination significantly reduced the risk of death and post-acute sequelae but did not eliminate them completely. These results underscore the importance of further research on prevention and post-acute care for breakthrough infections.

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Prognostic Factors for Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Summary: This study investigates the association between factors present during COVID-19 hospitalization and long-term sequelae. The findings suggest that female sex and acute disease severity may serve as independent prognostic factors. Further longitudinal studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results and develop targeted prevention and management strategies for individuals at higher risk for PCS.

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The Impact of COVID Vaccination on Symptoms of Long COVID: An International Survey of People with Lived Experience of Long COVID

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Summary: This systematic review examines the nature and frequency of persistent symptoms in patients after mild COVID-19 infection. The findings indicate that approximately one-third of patients with mild infections experience persistent symptoms after 3 weeks. Common persistent symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, cough, chest pain, headache, decreased cognitive function, and olfactory dysfunction. Additionally, persistent symptoms can have significant consequences on work and daily functioning.

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Summary: With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more attention has been drawn to the persistent symptoms of long COVID, yet systematic reviews on the type and prevalence of symptoms are lacking. A study found that there are over 100 different symptoms reported in long COVID patients, with significant variations in prevalence, potentially related to unknown factors.

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Summary: This meta-analysis revealed that more than 60% of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection experienced post-COVID-19 symptoms. Fatigue and dyspnea were the most prevalent post-COVID-19 symptoms, especially at 60 and >= 90 days after onset.

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Summary: Scientists are gaining insights into the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on some infected individuals, but many mysteries surrounding this issue remain unsolved.

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Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms

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Summary: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has led to a pandemic of COVID-19, with some patients developing persistent symptoms known as Long COVID or PASC. These patients may have different underlying biological factors driving their symptoms, such as organ damage, persistent viral reservoirs, re-activation of pathogens, and immune dysregulation. Therapeutic approaches may need to be individualized to effectively manage care for specific patients with PASC.

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Melina Michelen et al.

Summary: Long COVID is a complex condition with prolonged and heterogeneous symptoms, including weakness, general malaise, fatigue, concentration impairment, and breathlessness. Approximately 37% of patients reported reduced quality of life, and 26% of studies presented evidence of reduced pulmonary function. There is an urgent need for further studies to explore the etiology, risk factors, and biomarkers of long COVID in different populations and settings.

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