Role of G-Proteins and GPCRs in Cardiovascular Pathologies

Cell signaling is a fundamental process that enables cells to survive under various ecological and environmental contexts and imparts tolerance towards stressful conditions. The basic machinery for cell signaling includes a receptor molecule that senses and receives the signal. The primary form of the signal might be a hormone, light, an antigen, an odorant, a neurotransmitter, etc. Similarly, heterotrimeric G-proteins principally provide communication from the plasma membrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to the inner compartments of the cells to control various biochemical activities. G-protein-coupled signaling regulates different physiological functions in the targeted cell types. This review article discusses G-proteins' signaling and regulation functions and their physiological relevance. In addition, we also elaborate on the role of G-proteins in several cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

Automated summary

Cell signaling is crucial for cell survival and tolerance towards stressful conditions. It involves receptor molecules that sense and receive signals, such as hormones, light, antigens, odorants, and neurotransmitters. Heterotrimeric G-proteins play a key role in transmitting signals from G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to control biochemical activities within cells. This review article discusses the functions and regulation of G-protein signaling and their importance in cardiovascular diseases.