Defining the Possible Therapeutic Benefit of Lymphadenectomy Among Patients Undergoing Hepatic Resection for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic role of lymphadenectomy (LND) in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: 826 patients who underwent liver resection were identified using the SEER database from 1988 to 2011. Two groups of patients were defined: 201 (24%) undergoing potentially therapeutic LND (group A, >3 lymph nodes (LN) removed), and 625 (76%) not receiving therapeutic LND (group B, <= 3 LNs removed). A propensity score analysis was performed to create a matched cohort of 402 patients (201 in either group). The survival benefit of therapeutic LND was also estimated using multivariate parametric analysis comparing two simulated cohorts of 826 patients. Results: 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 71%, 37%, and 27% for group A patients, and 73%, 37%, and 27% for matched group B patients (P = 0.656). When simulation analysis was performed, a moderate survival benefit of LND of 5.46 months was calculated (95% CI, 4.64-6.29). Considerable differences in LND survival benefit predictions were found according to patient's sex (males, 9.90 vs. females 1.16 months), age (<= 60 years, 15 vs. > 60 years, -1.34 months), and tumor size (> 50 mm, 9.20 vs. <= 50 mm, -0.28). Conclusions: LND therapeutic benefit among a subset of patients. Future work is required to investigate the role of routine LND among these patients. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.