Mechanobiology of the cell nucleus

Review Genetics & Heredity

Mechanical regulation of chromatin and transcription

Sirio Dupont et al.

Summary: This article reviews the recent advances in understanding how mechanical forces regulate chromatin state and gene expression, and emphasizes the importance of this mechanosensitive gene regulation to physiology and disease.

NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Mechanics and functional consequences of nuclear deformations

Yohalie Kalukula et al.

Summary: The nucleus plays a critical role in determining cell fate and function in response to signals and stimuli. It is constantly exposed to mechanical forces that trigger changes in nuclear structure. Recent data suggest that the physical deformation of the nucleus modulates cellular and nuclear functions.

NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

On the nuclear pore complex and its emerging role in cellular mechanotransduction

Atsushi Matsuda et al.

Summary: The nuclear pore complex is a critical protein assembly that controls nucleocytoplasmic transport by selectively allowing specific cargoes to pass through its central channel. Recent studies have also revealed that the nuclear pore complex can regulate the channel diameter based on nuclear envelope tension, thereby altering molecular transportability.

APL BIOENGINEERING (2022)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

The yellow brick road to nuclear membrane mechanotransduction

Zhouyang Shen et al.

Summary: This Review discusses the potential role of the nuclear membrane as a mechanosensory surface alongside the plasma membrane, presenting the current research status and possible implications.

APL BIOENGINEERING (2022)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Nuclear lamins: Structure and function in mechanobiology

Amir Vahabikashi et al.

Summary: Nuclear lamins are versatile proteins involved in chromatin organization, gene regulation, nuclear shape, cytoskeleton organization, and cell motility. Mutations in lamins contribute to various human diseases.

APL BIOENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Evaluation of chromatin mesoscale organization

Dana Lorber et al.

Summary: This article discusses the various methods for deciphering the 3D organization of chromatin, with an emphasis on the advantages of live imaging approaches.

APL BIOENGINEERING (2022)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

The mechanobiology of nuclear phase separation

Daniel S. W. Lee et al.

Summary: The cell nucleus functions to organize and protect the genome and coordinate gene expression. Recent studies have shown that liquid-liquid phase separation and mechanics play a role in nuclear organization, but their interplay is not fully understood.

APL BIOENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Viscous shaping of the compliant cell nucleus

Richard B. Dickinson et al.

Summary: The cell nucleus is traditionally considered as a rigid organelle that resists shape changes, but this perspective presents a dynamic model where the soft nucleus is shaped by viscous stresses generated by cell boundaries and transmitted through the cytoskeletal network. The model explains how nuclear shape changes can occur during cell migration due to geometric constraints of constant volume and surface area.

APL BIOENGINEERING (2022)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Nuclear mechanoprotection: From tissue atlases as blueprints to distinctive regulation of nuclear lamins

Mai Wang et al.

Summary: DNA in each cell's nucleus needs to be protected against various types of damage. The nuclear lamina of intermediate filament proteins plays a crucial role in providing mechanoprotection, but the expression and regulation of lamins differ between cells and tissues. This study explores the expression patterns of lamin proteins and their correlation with mechanosensitive factors and cell cycle transcription factors. The findings highlight the importance of lamin levels in minimizing nuclear damage and defects during cell cycles, which is crucial for tissue engineering, organoid development, and cell therapies.

APL BIOENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Understanding the role of mechanics in nucleocytoplasmic transport

Ion Andreu et al.

Summary: Cell nuclei are affected by mechanical forces, especially through the mechanical regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport mediated by nuclear pore complexes. Mechanical forces can increase the permeability of nuclear pore complexes by exerting force on the nucleus, and the mechanical properties of transported proteins can also regulate the rate of nucleocytoplasmic transport.

APL BIOENGINEERING (2022)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mechanotransduction in the nucleus

Fabien Bertillot et al.

CELL (2022)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Mechanoimmunology: Are inflammatory epigenetic states of macrophages tuned by biophysical factors?

Nikhil Jain et al.

Summary: Many incurable inflammatory diseases contribute to majority of deaths due to poor understanding of underlying pathomechanisms. Tissue-resident macrophages play a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, but when they convert to proinflammatory phenotypes or persist as blood-born proinflammatory macrophages, chronic inflammation and fibrosis occur. While biochemical factors have been the focus of research in therapeutic interventions, physical factors are also found to regulate the macrophage phenotype. Understanding the mechanobiology and epigenetic modifications of macrophages could lead to new therapeutic options for increased inflammation related to aging and age-related diseases.

APL BIOENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical

Matrix stiffness epigenetically regulates the oncogenic activation of the Yes-associated protein in gastric cancer

Minjeong Jang et al.

Summary: The stiffness of the extracellular matrix in gastric cancer cells reversibly regulates the DNA methylation of YAP, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies through epigenetic reprogramming.

NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Mechanical Regulation of Transcription: Recent Advances

Kaustubh Wagh et al.

Summary: Mechanotransduction is a crucial mechanism for cells to sense and respond to mechanical signals, playing a key role in cancer progression. Further research is needed to elucidate the link between mechanical stimuli and gene expression.

TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

A survey of physical methods for studying nuclear mechanics and mechanobiology

Chad M. Hobson et al.

Summary: The cell nucleus is not just a location for DNA, but also a complex material that resists physical deformations and dynamically responds to external mechanical cues. The molecules responsible for nuclear mechanical properties can contribute to laminopathies and potentially play a role in cellular mechanotransduction and physical processes in cancer. Studying nuclear mechanics and the downstream biochemical consequences or their modulation requires a suite of complex assays for applying, measuring, and visualizing mechanical forces across diverse length, time, and force scales.

APL BIOENGINEERING (2021)

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Review Engineering, Biomedical

Effects of forces on chromatin

Kshitij Amar et al.

Summary: Chromatin, the unique structure of DNA and histone proteins in the cell nucleus, is the site where gene expression is dynamically regulated. Forces on chromatin, stemming from external and internal stresses, are known to modulate gene expression by affecting transcription factors. These forces act through both direct and indirect signaling pathways to regulate chromatin folding and deformation, ultimately impacting transcription.

APL BIOENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical